【作者】 谢斌；

【导师】 吴彩斌；

【作者基本信息】 江西理工大学 ， 环境工程， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 中国已成为全球CO₂排放量最大的国家之一,面临着严峻的减排挑战。矿业作为能源行业的典型代表,经济贡献占全国GDP的30%以上。矿产采选作业伴随着巨大的能量消耗,其中矿物碎磨就要消耗全球大约3%的能源。降低磨矿作业能源消耗已成为矿山选厂的共识。因此,厘清矿业生产耗能中碳排放真实情况,从而减少矿山行业碳排放,对助力实现“双碳”目标具有重要现实意义。矿业作为碳排放的源头行业,需要对矿业能源消费及碳排进行核算。论文收集并整理分析了2011～2020年中国矿业能源消费、能源结构等基础数据,通过折标准煤的方法将分能源折算为统一标准量的量纲。结果表明:煤制品及石油类分能源消费占比年均下降率分别为3.38%、5.85%,电力分能源消费占比年均增长率为36.71%。同时,采用Laspeyres完全分解分析法,厘清了在区间年份间碳密度效应、能源强度效应、产业结构效应和经济发展效应对矿业CO₂排放的贡献率。磨矿作业作为矿业行业的重要工序,而磨矿作业离不开磨矿介质。而钢球介质原材料来源于钢棒,采用碳排放系数法从中国钢铁行业能源消费层面对钢铁行业碳排放进行核算。结果表明,中国钢铁行业碳排放量随着钢铁产量在不断增加,但碳排放强度呈现出下降趋势,2011～2019年平均碳排放强度为1.97 t CO₂/t。此外,结合钢球及瓷球生产厂家提供的年度数据,对钢球及瓷球生产时的碳排放进行了核算。结果表明,钢球生产碳排放强度为2.09 t CO₂/t_钢球,瓷球为1.22 t CO₂/t_瓷球。在已核算的磨矿介质生产过程碳排放强度前提下,对基于不同研磨介质下的磨矿过程碳排放进行了核算。针对香炉山钢球磨矿工业应用案例分析,结果表明:钢球磨矿过程优化后单位电耗由7.71 k Wh/t降至6.86 k Wh/t,介质单耗由0.83 kg/t降至0.80kg/t,优化后可帮助该选厂每年节约磨矿成本22.25万元,同时减少碳排放约154.29 t。针对柿竹园瓷球磨矿工业应用案例分析,结果表明:将钢球介质替换为瓷球后单位电耗由5.62 k Wh/t降至3.41k Wh/t,介质单耗由0.46 k Wh/t降至0.13 k Wh/t,替换后可帮助该选厂每年节约磨矿成本147.85万元,同时减少碳排放约1487.46 t。瓷球在完全达到钢球磨矿效果的前提下可减少CO₂排放,是未来可推广的响应“双碳”战略的低碳磨矿技术。更多还原

【Abstract】 China has become one of the world’s largest emitters of CO₂ and is facing a serious challenge to reduce emissions.As a typical representative of the energy sector,the mining industry contributes more than 30%of the country’s GDP to the economy.Mineral extraction operations are accompanied by huge energy consumption,with mineral grinding consuming approximately 3%of the world’s energy.Reducing the energy consumption of grinding operations has become a consensus in mine processing plants.Therefore,it is important to clarify the real situation of carbon emissions in the mining industry,so as to reduce carbon emissions in the mining industry and help achieve the"double carbon"target.As the source of carbon emissions,the mining industry needs to account for its energy consumption and carbon emissions.The paper collects and analyses the basic data on energy consumption and energy structure of the mining industry in China from 2011 to2020,and converts the sub-energy into a unified standard quantity through the method of standard coal conversion.The results show that the average annual decline rates of coal products and petroleum sub-energy consumption are 3.38%and 5.85%respectively,and the average annual growth rate of electricity sub-energy consumption is 36.71%.At the same time,the contribution of carbon intensity,energy intensity,industrial structure and economic development to the CO₂ emissions of the mining industry was clarified by using the Laspeyres complete decomposition analysis between years.Grinding is an important process in the mining industry,and grinding media is essential for grinding operations.The raw material for steel ball media comes from steel rods.The carbon emission factor method is used to account for carbon emissions from the steel industry in China at the level of energy consumption.The results show that carbon emissions in the Chinese steel industry are increasing with steel production,but the carbon emission intensity shows a decreasing trend,with an average carbon emission intensity of1.97 t CO₂/t from 2011 to 2019.In addition,the carbon emissions from the production of steel and ceramic balls were accounted for by combining the annual data provided by steel and ceramic ball manufacturers.The results show that the carbon intensity of steel ball production is 2.09 t CO2/t steel ball and 1.22 t CO2/t ceramic ball.The carbon emissions of the grinding process based on the different grinding media were accounted for on the premise that the carbon emissions intensity of the grinding media production process has been accounted for.The results show that the optimized steel ball grinding process reduces the unit electricity consumption from 7.71 k Wh/t to 6.86 k Wh/t and the media unit consumption from 0.83 kg/t to 0.80 kg/t.The optimization can help the plant to save 22.25 million RMB per year in grinding costs and reduce carbon emissions by about 154.29 t.The results show that the optimized steel ball grinding process reduces the unit electricity consumption from 7.71 k Wh/t to 6.86 k Wh/t and the media unit consumption from 0.83 kg/t to 0.80 kg/t.The results show that the replacement of steel ball media with ceramic balls reduces the unit power consumption from 5.62 k Wh/t to 3.41k Wh/t and the media unit consumption from 0.46 k Wh/t to 0.13 k Wh/t.The replacement can help the plant save 1,478,500 yuan per year in grinding costs and reduce carbon emissions by approximately 1487.46 t.The ceramic ball can reduce CO₂ emissions while fully achieving the effect of steel ball grinding,which is a low carbon grinding technology that can be promoted in the future in response to the"double carbon"strategy.更多还原