申论文本的语体特征研究

【作者】 杨帆；

【导师】 张春泉；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 语言学及应用语言学， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 申论文本是根据某些特定的社会问题或社会现象,模拟公务员日常工作中所需处理事务的信息合集,贴近公务员的实际工作的需要,内容上具有广泛性,结构上具有灵活性、实践上具有操作性以及信息的隐含性等特征。语体特征是人们在不同的交际场合、交际目的和交际任务中所采用的不同语言材料和表达方式的话语特征。本文以2016——2020年国家公务员考试申论文本材料为主要研究对象,分析文本中具体的词汇、句式、句法以及修辞手段,对语言本体进行全面详细地描写。并在对文本言语特点分析的基础之上,探究其语体风格和表现特征。本课题研究共分为以下几个部分:第一章,针对本研究所涉及的核心概念术语进行界定,并综述相关研究现状。第二章具体分析申论文本的词汇特征,从新词语、缩略语、四音节字词、数字词和文言词等方面入手,对词汇特征进行归纳总结。新词语主要体现时代性,缩略语简洁凝练,四音节词语结构整齐且富有韵律,成语和文言词体现了庄重典雅的风格,数字词表意精确。第三章重点讨论申论文本中模糊义特征,申论考试非常重视内容的理解,模糊词的运用很大程度地提升了申论文本考试难点重点,本章统计程度、范围、性状、趋向等不同模糊词在申论文本中的使用情况,并分析各类模糊词在申论文本中所起的作用。第四章分析了申论文本材料的句法特征,从句型、句式和句类三个方面对搜集整理的661个句子进行整理、分析。申论文本句法特征主要体现在多用陈述句,复杂单句与复句相结合运用,体现了申论文本繁丰严谨的风格特征。特殊句式的运用,强化了申论文本的政论语体风格特征。第五章探究申论文本的辞格运用特征。一般情况下,在申论文本之中,消极修辞手段的使用较为常见,主要以一般修辞为主要方式,对其它修辞手法加以适当利用,如:排比、引用、对偶以及比喻等。通过这些修辞方式的利用,达到逻辑严密、简明扼要、主旨鲜明的目的,同时可以起到增强语势、加深语言形象色彩、增添情趣,提升语言感染力等表达效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 According to some specific social problems or social phenomena,the Shenlun text is a collection of information that simulates the affairs that civil servants need to deal with in their daily work.It is close to the needs of civil servants’ actual work.It has the characteristics of universality in content,flexibility in structure,operability in practice and implicitness in information.Stylistic features are the discourse features of different language materials and expressions used by people in different communication situations,purposes and tasks.This paper takes the 2016-2020 national civil service examination materials as the main research object,analyzes the specific vocabulary,sentence structure,syntax and rhetorical devices in the text,and gives a comprehensive and detailed description of the language ontology.And on the basis of the analysis of the text speech characteristics,explore its style and performance characteristics.This research is divided into the following parts: the first chapter defines the core concepts and terms involved in this research,and summarizes the related research status.The second chapter analyzes the lexical features of the Shenlun text,and summarizes the lexical features from the aspects of new words,abbreviations,four syllable words,number words and classical Chinese words.The new words mainly reflect the times,the abbreviations are concise,the four syllable word structure is neat and full of rhythm,the idioms and classical Chinese words reflect the solemn and elegant style,and the number words express the meaning accurately.The third chapter focuses on the characteristics of fuzzy meaning in the Shenlun text.The Shenlun test attaches great importance to the understanding of the content.The use of fuzzy words greatly improves the difficulty of the Shenlun text test.This chapter counts the use of different fuzzy words in the Shenlun text,such as degree,scope,character and trend,and analyzes the role of various fuzzy words in the Shenlun text.The fourth chapter analyzes the syntactic features of the Shenlun text materials,sorting out and analyzing661 sentences from three aspects of sentence pattern,sentence pattern and sentence category.The syntactic features of the Shenlun text are mainly reflected in the use of multiple declarative sentences and the combination of complex single sentence and complex sentence,which reflects the complex and rigorous style of the Shenlun text.The application of special sentence patterns strengthens the stylistic features of political discourse.The fifth chapter explores the rhetorical features of Shenlun texts.Generally speaking,in the Shenlun texts,the use of negative rhetoric devices is more common,mainly in general rhetoric as the main way to make appropriate use of other rhetorical devices,such as parallelism,quotation,antithesis and metaphor.Through the use of these rhetorical devices,we can achieve the purpose of strict logic,conciseness and clear theme.At the same time,we can enhance the language potential,deepen the image color of the language,add interest and enhance the appeal of the language.更多还原