【作者】 王菲；

【导师】 司鹏搏；

【作者基本信息】 北京工业大学 ， 电子与通信工程（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 “十四五”规划提出,预计在十四五末,我国的民航旅客及行李运输规模都将踏入新阶段,而根据中国民用航空局单月消费者投诉情况显示,旅客行李服务投诉在投诉类型中排名第三,占11.63%,存在许多问题。现有行李信息化和处理系统现状和存在问题有以下几方面:首先行李追踪所获得的数据一般存储于中心化数据库,一旦中心点服务器出现问题将导致全网崩溃,并且处理纠纷时也面临数据篡改问题。其次实时追踪的不同部门之间的没有完善的数据共享机制和平台,存在信息孤岛。再次现有数据共享方式是粗粒度的,旅客信息向整体业务链公开,不能保护数据隐私。另外区块链不能存储图像,制约了行李追踪服务的进一步发展。最后行李数据的产生和传输将达到空前规模,对实时追踪系统的可扩展性提出了很高要求。一方面,针对传统集中式数据库过于中心化以及信息孤岛问题,第一,设计了基于RFID(Radio Frequency Identification,射频识别)和区块链的实时行李追踪系统方案,利用区块链的不可篡改、可溯源性特性,实现行李实时处理信息自动存入区块链,不仅保证行李数据的安全存储,而且增加行李追踪流程的不可篡改性。第二,设计多环节自动上链程序,该程序在值机、安检、分拣、装机、装车、到达这六个行李追踪基本环节上,自动获取行李追踪信息并存入区块链,利用了RFID自动、远距离识别的特点,避免了数据记录差错,降低人工成本、提高机场作业自动化水平。第三,利用区块链去信任化的特点,设计基于联盟链的数据共享平台,加强不同机场间的合作,并且开发自动化智能合约,实现对行李数据管理、共享控制管理等功能,不但避免了信息孤岛,而且便利了信息共享。另一方面,针对隐私行李数据保护和区块链系统扩展性不足的问题,设计了基于区块链-边缘架构的隐私保护架构。第一,在存储扩展性方面,设计了基于IPFS(Inter Planetary File System,星际文件系统)与ABE(Attribute-Base Encryption,属性基加密)的边缘存储系统。实现“链下存储,链上索引”,解决区块链存储规模有限的问题。第二,在隐私保护方面,采用多通道设计使得不同业务加入不同通道,实现粗粒度隐私保护;设计基于区块链与ABE算法的访问控制机制,避免恶意的数据窃取,保护个人隐私,实现细粒度数据保护。第三,在性能扩展性方面,将实用拜占庭容错(Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance,PBFT)协议进行简化为CS-PBFT(PBFT consensus based on credit score),针对联盟链的授权访问特性以及行李追踪的业务场景,通过简化后的一致性协议降低节点间的通信量,同时通过节点信用积分机制剔除系统中故障节点,来提高系统长期运行效率。最后,对于本文开发的基于区块链的行李追踪系统进行了测试,开发了软硬件原型系统,对RFID系统数据获取、CP-ABE加解密、边缘存储系统、数据上链、智能合约数据共享与管理等功能进行了验证,保证了系统的可重现性,并验证设计是否能满足实际业务需要。测试表明,所研究的系统可以保证行李数据的安全性,并可实时更新行李追踪数据,提高行李处理自动化水平,在加强不同机场间的数据安全共享的同时,有效保护旅客隐私。更多还原

【Abstract】 According to the 14 th Five-Year Plan,the scale of China’s civil aviation passenger and baggage transportation will enter a new stage.On the basis of the monthly customer complaints of Civil Aviation Administration of China,passenger baggage service complaints rank third among the complaint types,accounting for 11.63%,and there are many problems.The existing problems of baggage information and processing system are as follows: 1.The data obtained are generally stored in a centralized database.Once the central server occurs failure will lead to the collapse of the whole network as well as high risk of external attack.2.There is no perfect data sharing mechanism and platform between different baggage tracking departments,which leads to information islands.3.Personal data privacy becomes a key issue in baggage tracking system.However,the existing data sharing method is coarse-grained,and passenger information is open to the whole network.4.Blockchain cannot store images,which restricts the further development of baggage tracking services.5.The generation and transmission of baggage data will reach an unprecedented scale,which puts forward high requirements for the scalability of baggage tracking system.On the one hand,to solve the centralized problem of traditional database,a realtime baggage tracking system based on RFID(Radio Frequency Identification)and blockchain is designed,which realizes the automatic storage of baggage processing information to the blockchain.It not only ensures the secure storage of baggage data,but also increases the transparency of the baggage tracking process.Secondly,the program that automatically stores data in blockchain is designed to obtain luggage tracking information.Using the characteristics of automatic and long-distance identification of RFID,data recording errors can be avoided and labor costs can be reduced.Thirdly,we design a data sharing platform based on blockchain to strengthen cooperation between different airports.The design of smart contract achieves data management and sharing control management,not only avoiding information island,but also facilitating information sharing.On the other hand,aiming to solve the problems of privacy data protection and scalability,a privacy protection architecture based on blockchain-edge architecture is designed.Firstly,an edge storage System based on IPFS(Inter Planetary File System)and ABE(Attribute-based Encryption)is built,realizing "off-chain storage,on-chain index",enhancing the scalability of blockchain,solving the problem of limited storage scale of blockchain.Secondly,multi-channel structure allows different services to join different channels,so as to realize coarse-grained privacy protection.The combination of access control by blockchain and ABE can avoid malicious data theft,thus protecting personal privacy and achieving fine-grained privacy protection.Thirdly,PBFT(Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance)is simplified to CS-PBFT(PBFT Consensus Based on Credit Score)according to the authorized access of consortium blockchain and baggage tracking business scenarios.In order to simplify the communication process,in the absence of Byzantine nodes,CS-PBFT adopted a simplified consistency protocol to reduce the communication traffic between nodes.Besides,the node credit score mechanism effectively identifies and excludes Byzantine nodes in the system,so that the algorithm can execute the simplified consistency protocol most of time,thus improving the long-term operation efficiency of the system.Finally,according to the above design scheme,the baggage tracking system based on blockchain is developed and tested,which verifies the functions of data collection,CP-ABE encryption and decryption,off-chain storage system,blockchain data storage,smart contract data sharing and management,etc.The prototype system is deployed to ensure the reproducibility of the system and verify whether the design can meet the practical needs.Experiments show that the system can ensure the security of baggage data,update the baggage tracking data in real time,improve the speed and automation level of baggage processing,and effectively protect the privacy of passengers while strengthening the secure sharing of data among different airports.更多还原