【作者】 张超；

【导师】 熊万里； 桂林；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 机械工程（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 高速永磁同步电机,由于功率密度高、体积小、结构简单等突出优势,成为高速电主轴、真空分子泵、离心式压缩机等传动系统的重要动力来源。高速PMSM的高性能控制需要准确的转子位置信息,高效率稳定驱动是发挥高速永磁同步电机优异性能的关键所在。本文从电机位置观测和效率优化两方面展开研究,以高速永磁同步电机为控制研究对象,重点研究高速永磁同步电机无位置传感器控制算法及电机效率优化方法。主要研究工作和内容如下:(1)提出一种新的无位置传感器控制算法,基于改进电流估算模型的转速观测器,扩展了单一控制算法无位置传感器控制的速度范围。解决了基于扩展反电动势转速估算法存在的状态切换不稳定、适用范围有限以及启动性能差等问题。建立新的估算旋转坐标系,利用等效电机模型获得估算电流值与每个采样周期检测实际的电流值误差作为转速观测器的输入,给出观测器参数的选取原则,通过直轴电流误差估算初步转速,利用交轴电流误差校正初步转速获得最终估算转速。电机可从静止状态闭环直接矢量启动,不存在低速至高速阶段的状态切换问题,带载能力强、动态性能好且算法具有较强的鲁棒性。(2)研究了中低速永磁同步电机效率最优的控制方式,从理论和仿真对比id=0控制与单位功率因数控制,证明了中低速表贴式永磁同步电机忽略铁损时id=0控制方式效率最高。针对高速PMSM效率提升进行研究,加入电机铁损重构PMSM数学模型,推导可控电气损耗表达式并建立目标函数,求解效率最优下的直轴电流,实现效率最优控制。为解决效率优化鲁棒性问题,从功率角度出发,提出基于搜索模型的效率优化控制。在电机恒功率运行条件下,不断搜索最小输入功率,实现效率最优控制。同时针对搜索时间与搜索精度无法兼顾的问题,本文设计一套针对表贴式永磁同步电机的模糊控制规则,使系统可自适应变步长搜索出最小输入功率,不依赖电机参数,实现PMSM效率最优的控制。(3)在Matlab/Simulink软件平台上搭建自适应变步长效率搜索控制算法以及基于改进电流模型的无传感器矢量控制算法仿真模型,仿真结果表明自适应变步长效率搜索控制可快速搜索出最小输入功率,实现效率最优控制。最终通过实验验证本文所提出的无位置传感器算法的有效性和实用性。更多还原

【Abstract】 High-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor(HPMSM)are important power sources for transmission systems such as high-speed motorized spindles,vacuum molecular pumps,centrifugal compressors,due to their high-power density,small size,simple structure.High performance control of HPMSM requires accurate rotor position information,and stable efficiently driving is essential to achieve excellent performance of HPMSM.To explore the HPMSM high efficiency non-inductive vector control algorithm,a high-speed centrifugal compressor HPMSM is studied from aspects of motor position observation and efficiency optimization,The main research work and contents are as follows:A new position sensorless control method is proposed,based on the speed observer of the improved current estimation model,which can realize the speed observation in the full speed domain with a single control algorithm.The problems of the extended back-EMF speed estimation method such as unstable state switching,limited application range and poor start-up performance are solved.A new estimated rotational coordinate system is established,and the error between estimated current value and the actual current value is used as the input of the speed observer,besides the observer parameters selection principle is given.The initial speed is estimated,and quadrature axis current error is used to correct the initial speed to obtain the final estimated speed.The motor can be directly started with the closed-loop vector from the static state,and there is no state switching problem from low speed to high speed.Moreover,load capacity,dynamic performance,and robustness are improved by the method.Optimal control method for medium and low speed PMSM is studied.The id=0control and unity power factor control are compared by theory and simulation methods,which found the id=0 control method is more efficient for medium and low speed PMSM.Efficiency optimization control of HPMSM is studied.Motor iron loss is considered to reconstruct the PMSM mathematical model,the controllable electrical loss expression is derived,and the objective function is established.The direct-axis current under the optimal efficiency is solved,and the efficiency optimization control is achieved.To solve the problem of efficiency optimization robustness,an efficiency optimization control method based on search model is proposed from the perspective of system power.In constant motor power situation,the minimum input power is continuously searched to realize the efficiency optimization control.To settle the conflict between search time and search accuracy,a set of fuzzy control rules for the surface mounted PMSM is designed,hence the minimum input power is adaptively searched with variable step size,which is independent of motor parameters,and the PMSM efficiency optimization control is realized.The adaptive variable step efficiency search control algorithm and the sensorless vector control algorithm simulation model based on the improved current model are built on the Matlab/Simulink software platform.The simulation results show that the adaptive variable step efficiency search control algorithm can quickly find the minimum input power and achieve efficiency optimization control.The proposed sensorless vector algorithm can realize full domain speed estimation with a single algorithm,while dynamic response and robustness are improved.A motor test rig is built,and the proposed algorithms are verified by experiments.更多还原