【作者】 张谦；

【导师】 曹晟；

【作者基本信息】 电子科技大学 ， 软件工程， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 支付通道网络是区块链扩容领域的研究热点。支付通道网络中,当两个节点之间不存在已有的支付通道时,需要通过多个节点进行交易的中转,即支付通道路由。当前支付通道网络中的路由方案,主要采用最短路径寻路方法,较少关注到其他因素,比如忽略用户支付给中间节点的手续费成本等。本文从降低中间节点手续费开销为出发点,将支付通道网络中的路由过程抽象成面向中间节点的交易中继服务拍卖,包括基于拍卖的中间节点选择与抗恶意节点合谋攻击两部分。具体包括三个方面:(1)提出了一种基于反向Vickrey拍卖的路由方案。支付通道网络中的候选节点,对有跨链交易需求的用户提交中继服务报价,由最低出价的节点获得中继服务,用户将所有出价的次低价作为支付给选中节点的中继服务费。实验结果与安全性分析,证明了本方案在保障节点诚实竞拍的同时,可以有效降低用户支付给中间节点的交易中继手续费。(2)综合节点手续费报价、节点之间路径距离和节点历史行为等多种因素,进一步提出了多因素反向Vickrey拍卖(multi-factor reverse auction,MFRA)的路由方案,以实现对候选中间节点质量的综合选择。MFRA建立了候选节点的等价报价函数,将节点质量中的非价格属性因素转化为价格属性,并引入了以2为基数的指数机制实现对等效投标价格的差分隐私,保障在中继服务竞价过程中参与节点的报价不被泄露。安全性分析和性能评估表明,MFRA路由方案能够选出综合质量最优的候选节点,并能够有效保障交易参与节点的报价隐私。(3)提出了抗恶意节点合谋的中继手续费支付方案。引入洋葱路由和侧链技术,确保中间节点身份隐私,防止诚实中间节点应该获得的中继服务手续费被恶意节点利用虫洞攻击窃取。安全分析和性能评估表明,该方案可以有效解决恶意节点合谋攻击以非法获得交易手续费的问题。本文开展的基于拍卖的跨链匿名支付研究为支付通道网络路由选择提供了新的思路,有助于支付通道网络的进一步大规模应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The payment channel network is a research hotspot in the field of blockchain scaling.In the payment channel network,when there is no existing payment channel between two nodes,transactions need to be relayed through multiple nodes,which is known as payment channel routing.The current routing schemes in the payment channel network mainly use the shortest path method and pay less attention to other factors,such as ignoring the cost of the user paying the intermediary node’s transaction fee.This paper abstracts the routing process in the payment channel network into an auction for intermediary services aimed at reducing the cost of intermediary fees for the middle nodes.It includes two parts: auction-based intermediary node selection and resistance to collusion attacks by malicious nodes.Specifically,it includes three aspects:(1)We propose a routing scheme based on reverse Vickrey auction.The candidate nodes in the payment channel network submit relay service quotations to users with crossblockchain transaction needs,and the node with the lowest bid wins the intermediary service.Users pay the second-lowest price of all bids as a transaction fee to the selected node.Experimental results and security analysis prove that our scheme can effectively reduce the transaction fee paid by users to intermediary nodes while ensuring honest bidding by nodes.(2)We further propose a multi-factor reverse auction(MFRA)routing scheme that considers multiple factors,including node transaction fees,path distance between nodes,and node historical behavior,to achieve comprehensive selection of candidate middle nodes.MFRA establishes an equivalent bid function for candidate nodes,converts nonprice attributes of node quality into price attributes,and introduces an exponential mechanism based on 2 to achieve differential privacy of equivalent bid prices,ensuring that bidding by participating nodes during the relay service auction process is not leaked.Security analysis and performance evaluation show that the MFRA routing scheme can select the candidate node with the best overall quality and effectively protect the privacy of bid prices.(3)We propose a relay fee payment scheme that resists collusion by malicious nodes.By introducing onion routing and sidechain technology,the identity of the intermediary node is kept private,and honest middle nodes can prevent their relay service fees from being stolen through wormhole attacks by malicious nodes.Security analysis and performance evaluation show that this scheme can effectively solve the problem of collusion attacks by malicious nodes to illegally obtain transaction fees.This auction-based anonymous cross-blockchain payment research provides new ideas for payment channel network routing selection,which is helpful for the further large-scale application of payment channel networks.更多还原