【作者】 石磊；

【导师】 郑国强； 谢建春；

【作者基本信息】 山东建筑大学 ， 土木水利硕士（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【副题名】以IFC与CityGML为例

【摘要】 经济社会快速发展,我国已步入城市智慧建设阶段。城市三维模型是城市智慧建设的关键数据,如何有效获取城市三维模型,实现现代建筑全要素的精准三维重建和展示,是实现绿色建筑、智能建筑的关键一环,更是实现城市智慧化管理的重要基础。建筑信息模型(Building Information Modal,BIM)记录了建筑物全生命周期的所有数据信息,对建筑物的内部信息描述详细,而三维地理信息系统(ThreeDimensional Geographic Information System,3D GIS)则注重于宏观场景下的模型构建,对于建筑物的内部信息描述较少。两者数据交互集成可实现优势互补,共同为智慧城市建设提供数据基础。但两者分属不同领域,在几何表达、语义描述、拓扑实现等方面存在巨大差异,如何实现两者交互集成显得尤为重要。工业基础类(Industry Foundation Classes,IFC)和城市地理标记语言(City Geography Mark‐up Language,CityGML)是BIM和3D GIS的重要数据格式,如何实现IFC到CityGML模型转换是BIM与3D GIS交互集成的关键难题。现有转换方法可以完成几何结构与语义信息的转换,但在语义信息扩展与拓扑信息转换方面存在以下不足:(1)目前的转换方法往往只完成了建筑构件的属性类语义信息的扩展,但未完成对几何类语义的扩展,如对楼梯、梁、柱等的扩展,致使该部分建筑构件转换后语义信息无法准确表达;(2)IFC中拓扑关系非常复杂,直接映射转换非常困难,以致目前的转换方法仍无法行之有效的完成拓扑信息的映射转换。针对现有映射转换机制无法有效解决复杂语义与拓扑关系转换问题,本文建立了IFC到CityGML的模型映射转换逻辑模型,并实现了面向对象的多层次映射转换体系:(1)基于语义信息扩展模型(Building ADE)扩展CityGML数据标准,克服了转换后在CityGML中建筑构件语义信息无法准确表达的不足;(2)重新梳理IFC中拓扑关系,基于重新定义的支撑、嵌入、连接、组合、悬挂和包含六种拓扑关系类实现模型间拓扑关系映射转换。本文以城市建筑物为对象,建立了完善的语义映射转换方法。实验结果证明,本文提出的方法可保证IFC到CityGML的几何、语义和拓扑信息转换,转换后的CityGML模型包含IFC模型的几何、属性、拓扑信息,可用于三维地理信息系统与建筑信息模型的集成,有助于城市的智能化管理。更多还原

【Abstract】 With rapid economic and social development,China has entered the stage of urban smart construction.The urban 3D model is the key data for urban smart construction.How to effectively obtain the urban 3D model and achieve accurate 3D reconstruction and display of all elements of modern architecture is a key link in achieving green and intelligent buildings,and also an important foundation for achieving urban smart management.Building Information Modal(BIM)records all data information throughout the entire lifecycle of a building,providing a detailed description of the internal information of the building.However,Three Dimensional Geographic Information System(3D GIS)focuses on model construction in macro scenarios,with limited description of the internal information of the building.The integration of data interaction between the two can achieve complementary advantages and jointly provide a data foundation for the construction of smart cities.However,the two belong to different fields,and there are significant differences in geometric expression,semantic description,topology implementation,and other aspects.Therefore,it is particularly important to achieve the interaction and integration between the two.Industry Foundation Classes(IFC)and City Geography Markup Language(CityGML)are important data formats for BIM and 3D GIS.How to achieve the conversion of IFC to CityGML models is a key challenge in the integration of BIM and3 D GIS.The existing transformation methods can complete the transformation of geometric structure and Semantic information,but there are the following shortcomings in Semantic information expansion and topological information transformation:(1)The current transformation methods often only complete the extension of attribute Semantic information of building components,but do not complete the extension of geometric semantics,such as the extension of stairs,beams,columns,etc.,which makes the Semantic information of this part of building components cannot be accurately expressed after transformation;(2)The topology relationship in IFC is very complex,and direct mapping and transformation is very difficult,so current transformation methods still cannot effectively complete the mapping and transformation of topology information.In view of the existing mapping and transformation mechanism can not effectively solve the complex semantic and topological relationship,this paper establishes a model mapping and transformation logic model from IFC to CityGML,and implements an object-oriented multi-level mapping and transformation system:(1)Expand CityGML data standard based on the multi-level semantic extension model(Building ADE),which overcomes the lack of accurate expression of Semantic information of building components in CityGML after transformation;(2)Reorganize the topological relationship in IFC,and realize the mapping and transformation of topological relationship between models based on the redefined support,embedding,connection,combination,suspension and inclusion of six topological relationship classes.This article focuses on urban buildings and establishes a comprehensive semantic mapping transformation method.The experimental results demonstrate that the method proposed in this article can ensure the conversion of geometric,semantic,and topological information from IFC to CityGML.The converted CityGML model contains the geometric,attribute,and topological information of the IFC model,which can be used for the integration of 3D geographic information systems and building information models,and contributes to the intelligent management of cities.更多还原