【作者】 杨洁；

【导师】 石红；

【作者基本信息】 贵州师范大学 ， 学科教学（物理）（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国新课程改革的不断推进以及2022年版义务教育物理新课程标准的颁布,教学的重心已经发生了转变,从原来的教师主导转变为学生主体,从原来的轻素养重物理知识转变为注重学生物理核心素养的培养。一方面,对学生的要求也不再只注重物理知识的考查,情境性和创新性的试题出现就是为了考查学生能否真正理解知识并将其进行应用。另一方面,对教师的专业能力也提出了更高的要求,新课程需要教师们不断探索适合学生的教学模式,在教学中促进学生物理核心素养的发展,做到教、学、评一致。教学设计是教师们开展教学活动的依据,也是课堂教学前必不可少的环节,要实现好的教学就必须要有一份好的教学设计。UbD模式是一种重视学生对知识的理解程度、强调评价先行的新型教学模式,与我国的教育背景和新课程改革的目的相吻合。目前,应用UbD模式进行初中物理教学设计及教学实践的研究和经验较少,因此如何在课堂上应用UbD模式进行教学值得深入研究。本研究首先对初中物理教师的教学设计现状和学生学习物理的现状进行调查,了解教师们教学设计的现状及对UbD模式的了解程度,学生们学习物理的现状及对教师的期望。接着以沪科版八年级物理《力与运动》单元为例,应用UbD模式进行该单元的教学设计和常规的教学设计。再分别在实验班和对照班进行教学实践,实践结束后通过试卷测验、学生自评量表及教师访谈的方式对教学成效进行了检验。研究表明,在初中物理课堂中应用基于UbD模式的初中物理教学设计有利于促进学生对知识的理解及应用,提高学生的科学探究能力,同时也能使学生对学习目标更加清晰。其次,基于UbD模式进行初中物理教学设计有利于新手教师对教学目标、教学内容的准确把握,能促进教师的专业成长。最后,在初中物理教学中应用基于UbD模式的教学设计有一定的可行性,对学生、教师、教学都有一定的帮助。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the continuous promotion of China’s new curriculum reform and the promulgation of the new curriculum standards for compulsory education physics in 2022,the focus of teaching has changed from being teacher-led to being student-led,and from being light on literacy and heavy on physics knowledge to focusing on the cultivation of students’ core physics literacy.On the one hand,the requirements for students no longer focus only on the examination of physics knowledge.Contextual and innovative test questions appear to test whether students can really understand the knowledge and apply it.On the other hand,the new curriculum requires teachers to continuously explore student-friendly teaching models,promote the development of students’ core physics literacy,and teach,learn,and evaluate in a consistent manner.The UbD model is a new teaching model that emphasizes students’ understanding of knowledge and assessment first,which is in line with the educational background and the purpose of the new curriculum reform in China.At present,there are fewer studies and experiences in applying UbD model for teaching design and teaching practice in junior high school physics,so how to apply UbD model for teaching in the classroom deserves in-depth study.This study first investigates the current status of junior high school physics teachers’ instructional design and students’ learning of physics to understand the current status of teachers’ instructional design and their understanding of UbD model,and the current status of students’ learning of physics and their expectations of teachers.Then,we applied the UbD model to the unit "Force and Motion" in the eighth grade physics unit of Shanghai Science Edition as an example,and applied the UbD model to the teaching design and the regular teaching design of the unit.Then the teaching practice was carried out in the experimental and control classes according to the teaching design,and the effectiveness of the teaching was examined by means of test paper tests,student self-assessment scales and teacher interviews after the practice.The study showed that the application of the UbD model-based junior high school physics instructional design in junior high school physics classroom is conducive to promoting students’ understanding and application of knowledge,improving students’ scientific inquiry ability,and also making students clearer about their learning objectives.Secondly,the UbD model-based junior high school physics teaching design is conducive to novice teachers’ accurate grasp of teaching objectives and teaching contents,and can promote teachers’ professional growth.Finally,it is feasible to apply UbD model-based instructional design in junior high school physics teaching,which is helpful to students,teachers,and teaching.更多还原