【作者】 张哲；

【导师】 林奇富；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 政治学理论， 2023， 硕士

【副题名】基于英迪拉与拉奥时期治理策略的对比

【摘要】 印度作为多民族国家,自印度独立以来印度族群问题不断,旁遮普锡克族群的独立运动具有代表性。本文采用比较研究和历史分析法,通过对英迪拉和拉奥两段时期的族群治理策略进行梳理对比,分析锡克族群独立运动成功治理的经验,从而为印度其他地区的族群治理以及世界其他地区受族群问题困扰的国家提供族群治理的有益借鉴。印度独立以来,旁遮普要求建立独立语言邦,并要求更多的自治权。绿色革命后,旁遮普邦的经济结构和社会宗教文化发生了变化,一些锡克教徒为了维护锡克教和锡克族群的利益发起独立运动。旁遮普邦锡克族群独立运动长达十余年时间,肇始于英迪拉政府时期,结束于拉奥政府时期。英迪拉面对锡克族群独立运动,采取强硬军事镇压手段,警察不作为,同时限制媒体报道,最终使得英迪拉未成功治理锡克族群独立运动,英迪拉治理期间导致大量无辜锡克教徒被杀害以及重要锡克教建筑物的破坏。拉奥时期的治理改变英迪拉时期的族群治理理念,发挥警察的主导作用,招募警员,提高警员的待遇,改进警察的情报系统和武器装备,发挥基层组织的作用和民众接触行动,媒体开放报道,拉奥最终成功治理锡克族群独立运动。通过英迪拉与拉奥两段时期治理策略的比较,锡克族群独立运动成功治理的经验可概括为三点:第一,治理理念上,利用同族群优势,有效降低族群治理敏感性,同时甄别锡克教徒与激进分子;第二,治理主体上,发挥警察主导作用,在独立运动地区招募警员,从而加强政府治理的力量,同时激进组织新成员人数也会减少;第三,治理方式上,开放媒体报道,争取舆论优势,获取民众支持。锡克族群独立运动虽然在拉奥时期得以成功治理,但旁遮普锡克族群的不满仍然存在。旁遮普重视农业,工业发展落后,与其他地区经济差距逐步扩大,如何将旁遮普的经济发展纳入到印度发展的大框架中,防止锡克教极端思想再次产生,是印度政府和旁遮普邦当前面临的问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a multi-ethnic country,India has been plagued by communal problems since independence,and the independence movement of the Sikh community in the Punjab is representative.This paper adopts a comparative study and historical analysis to analyze the experience of successful governance of the Sikh independence movement by comparing the communal governance strategies of Indira and Rao,so as to provide useful lessons for communal governance in other regions of India and countries troubled by communal problems in other parts of the world.Since India’s independence,the Punjab has demanded a separate linguistic state and more autonomy.After the Green Revolution,the economic structure and socio-religious culture of Punjab changed,and some Sikhs launched independence movements to defend the interests of the Sikh religion and the Sikh community.The independence movement of the Sikh community in Punjab lasted for more than ten years,starting under the Indira government and ending under the Rao government.Indira’s strong military repression,police inaction,and restrictions on media coverage in the face of the Sikh independence movement ultimately led to Indira’s unsuccessful governance of the Sikh independence movement,which resulted in the killing of numerous innocent Sikhs and the destruction of important Sikh buildings.The Rao administration changed the concept of communal governance during the Indira period by playing a leading role in the police,recruiting police officers,improving their salaries,improving the police intelligence system and weaponry,playing the role of grassroots organizations and popular contact actions,and opening up the media coverage,and Rao finally succeeded in governing the Sikh independence movement.By comparing the governance strategies of Indira and Rao during the two periods,the experience of successful governance of the Sikh community independence movement can be summarized in three points: first,the philosophy of governance,taking advantage of the same community,effectively reducing the sensitivity of community governance,while screening Sikhs and radicals;second,the main body of governance,playing the leading role of the police,recruiting police officers in the areas of the independence movement,thus strengthening the power of government governance,while The number of new members of radical groups will also be reduced;third,in terms of governance methods,open media coverage to gain the advantage of public opinion and obtain popular support.Although the Sikh community independence movement was successfully governed during the Rao period,the discontent of the Punjabi Sikh community still exists.The Punjab emphasizes agriculture,lags behind in industrial development,and gradually widens the economic gap with other regions.How to integrate Punjab’s economic development into the general framework of India’s development and prevent the re-emergence of Sikh extremist ideology is the current problem facing the Indian government and Punjab.更多还原