【作者】 袁静；

【导师】 朱新卓；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 教育管理（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【副题名】基于湖北省的调查

【摘要】 我国义务教育阶段的民办学校在40多年的发展过程中,办学规模不断扩大,在校生人数持续增加,但在初中阶段产生了“择校热”、“民强公弱”、“公退民进”等问题,这不但会影响义务教育均衡发展,也对学生、家长及义务教育环境产生了恶劣影响。为规范管理民办学校,国家与地方政府相继颁布并实施“公民同招”与规模限制政策,上述政策对民办初中发展产生了重要影响。本研究对湖北省7所民办初中学校负责人及湖北省民办中小学协会会长进行了深度访谈,研究上述两项政策对民办初中的影响,进而构建出我国公办、民办初中之间的应然理想关系,提炼出完善民办初中办学的整体思路。“公民同招”与规模限制政策让民办初中面临一定生存危机。首先,相关政策的不确定性使得民办初中办学处于进退两难的处境之中;其次,生源与办学资金的减少也使民办初中陷入困境;另外,转型的压力让部分民办初中难以适应,恐遭教育市场淘汰;最后,生源质量的降低也将导致部分民办初中竞争优势下降,民办初中教师亟需调整教育教学方式。在积极影响方面,“公民同招”与规模限制政策引导民办初中从“同质竞争”转换为“内涵发展”,并通过平衡生源实现教育资源均衡配置,有利于教育公平;在新的政策之下民办初中办学优势与存在价值更凸显,这能够激励民办初中更加注重办学水平的提高,保证教育教学质量。“公民同招”与规模限制政策的出台体现了义务教育的公平性与公益性,民办初中也将迎来新的发展机遇。但上述两项政策还存在以下问题:首先,政策本身限制了学生与家长的教育选择权利,缺乏对民办初中教学过程的监督,也无法弥补校际间的真正差距;另外,两项政策在实施过程中还需考虑地方政府的财政压力与民办初中的办学压力,相关配套措施还有待完善。本研究认为公办与民办初中之间应是错位发展、协同促进的关系,在办学规模、教学理念、培养内容等多方面实现差异化定位。完善民办初中发展应是多主体共同参与的长期过程,为此,本研究试图构建民办初中未来发展的基本思路,分为规范管理期、内涵发展期与特色完善期,以期实现民办初中的长效健康发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the development of over 40 years of private schools in compulsory education,their school scale has continued to expand,and the number of students in the school has climbed.Meanwhile,it also leads to “ School choice fever”,means parents passionate about choosing schools;“Public weak while Private strong”,means the admission rate of private junior high schools is higher than that of public junior high schools;“The public retreats and the private advance”,means the proportion of private junior high schools continues to expand.Those problems not only have the impact on the balanced development of education,but also undermine students,parents,and the compulsory education environment.To regulate the private schools,the state and local governments have successively promulgated and implemented “Simultaneous enrollment in public and private schools” and “scale restriction” policies which make difference in the prosperity of private schools.Based on the in-depth interviews with the heads of some private junior high schools in Hubei Province and the president of the Hubei Private Primary and Secondary School Association,this research studies the impact of the two policies on private junior high schools and how to deal with them,then prompt the ideas of how to run private junior high schools.Policies make private junior high schools face a certain survival crisis.First,the uncertainty of local policies puts private junior high schools in a dilemma;second,the reduction of student sources and school funds also puts private junior high schools in trouble;Some private junior high schools are unable to adapt and may be eliminated from the education market.Finally,the reduction in the quality of students under the policy has also led to a decline in the advantage of some private junior high schools.In terms of positive impact,the “Simultaneous enrollment in public and private schools”and “Scale restriction” policies guide private junior high schools to transform from “homogeneous competition” to “connotative development”.Private junior high schools achieve a proper allocation of educational resources by balancing student sources,which is conducive to education fairness.It highlights the advantages and existence value of private junior high schools under the background of new policies,can encourage private junior high schools to pay more attention to the improvement of education level and ensure the quality of education and teaching.The introduction of these policies reflects the fairness and public welfare of compulsory education,and private junior high schools will also usher in new development opportunities.During the research process,this study found the following problems with the“Simultaneous enrollment in public and private schools” and the “Scale restriction”policy: First,the policy itself lacks supervision over the teaching process of private junior high schools,nor can it bridge the real gap between schools,limiting the relationship between students and parents.The right to choose education;in addition,the implementation of the two policies also needs to consider the pressure of the main implementer of the policy – the local government,whose supporting measures related to the policy still need to be improved.This study believes that the relationship between public and private junior high schools should be misplaced development and coordinated promotion,and achieve differentiated positioning in many aspects like school scale,teaching concept and meeting educational needs.Improving the development of private junior high schools should be a long-term process of multi-subject participation.Therefore,this study tries to build the basic idea of the future development of private junior high schools,which is divided into standardized management period,connotation development period and characteristic improvement period,in order to realize the long-term healthy development of private junior high schools.更多还原