【作者】 张锋；

【导师】 许明财；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 船舶与海洋结构物设计制造， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 随着经济社会的不断发展,越来越多的跨航道桥梁不断建成,通航船舶与跨航道桥梁之间发生碰撞的概率不断增加。一旦发生船桥碰撞事故,不仅会对船舶和桥梁结构造成严重的破坏,还可能导致危险化学品泄漏,造成严重的生态环境灾难。目前进行船舶撞击桥梁或防护设施分析时,主要采用附加质量法考虑流场环境的影响。但流场对船舶的碰撞力及动态响应影响复杂,因此考虑流固耦合效应对船桥碰撞动态响应的影响和浮筒防撞设施进行研究具有重要意义。论文的主要内容如下:(1)采用任意拉格朗日-欧拉方法(ALE)建立船桥碰撞流固耦合模型,并采用圣乔治岛跨海大桥的船舶碰撞试验结果验证数值模型的合理性,模拟得到的船桥碰撞最大撞击力误差在10%左右,撞击时间误差在7%左右,误差在可接受的范围内。(2)采用试验验证的船桥碰撞流固耦合数值模型,以3000吨级内河集装箱船为研究对象,研究了外流场对船桥碰撞动态响应的影响,对不同撞击速度、撞击角度、船舶质量和流场速度下外流场对船桥碰撞动态响应的影响进行了分析。结果表明外流场对船桥碰撞动态响应的影响随着撞击速度、船舶质量和流场速度的变化而增大。并以此为基础,对附加质量法的适用范围和与流固耦合法的差异进行了分析。(3)以10000吨级液货船为研究对象,建立了考虑液货晃荡影响的简化船桥碰撞流固耦合模型,对船桥碰撞过程中船舶和液货的动态响应进行了分析,并对不同撞击工况下液货晃荡对船桥碰撞动态响应的影响进行了研究。结果表明,船桥碰撞过程中的液货晃荡具有滞后性,因此液货晃荡对碰撞前期的船桥碰撞响应影响较小,而对碰撞后期的船桥碰撞响应影响较大,能够降低碰撞后期撞击力的大小,并减小船体结构吸能和结构损伤,但随着撞击速度的增加,液货晃荡的滞后性逐渐减弱。(4)基于一种新型浮筒防撞拦截系统,分别建立水动力耦合模型和考虑浮筒-流场耦合的船舶-浮筒防撞拦截系统碰撞流固耦合模型,完成了浮筒防撞拦截系统的水动力分析校核和防撞拦截性能验证,为浮筒防撞拦截系统的设计提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the continuous development of the economy and society,more and more bridges across the channel are built,and the probability of collision between ship and bridge continues to increase.Once a ship-bridge collision accident occurs,it will not only cause serious damage to the ship and bridge structure,but also cause the leakage of dangerous chemicals,resulting in ecological disaster.At present,the constant added mass method is mainly used to consider the influence of the flow field environment when analyzing the collision between ships and bridges or protective facilities.But the flow field has a complex influence on the ship-bridge or ship-protective facilities impact,so it is of great significance to conduct a study on the ship-bridge collision dynamic response and the floating anticollision system considering fluid structure interaction.The main research details of this thesis are stated as follows:(1)The arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method(ALE)is using to establish a ship-bridge collision model considering the fluid-structure interaction(FSI).The full scale ship bridge impact test results of the St.George Island Causeway Bridge are used to verify the reliability of this numerical model.The simulation results show that the error of maximum impact force is about 10%,and the error of impact duration is about 7%.These errors are within an acceptable range.(2)By using the verified fluid-structure interaction numerical model of the ship-bridge collision,taking a 3,000 t inland container ship as the research object,the influence of the external flow field on the dynamic response of the ship-bridge collision is studied.Then,under different impact velocities,impact angles,ship weight and flow velocities,the external flow field effect on the dynamic response of the ship-bridge collision are analyzed.The results show that the influence of the external flow field on the dynamic response of the ship-bridge collision increases with the changes of the impact velocity,the ship mass and the flow field velocity.Based on these results,the applicable scope of the constant added mass method and the difference between it and the fluid-structure interaction method are analyzed.(3)Taking a 10,000 t tanker as the research object,a simplified fluid-structure coupling model of ship-bridge collision considering the influence of liquid cargo sloshing is established.The dynamic response and sloshing process caused by ship-bridge collision is studied,and the sloshing effect on the ship-bridge impact response under different impact conditions is analyzed.The results show that the liquid cargo sloshing in the process of shipbridge collision has a hysteresis,so the sloshing has little influence on the dynamic response of the ship-bridge collision in the early stage of the collision,but has a greater influence in the later stage,which result in lower impact force in later collision stage,and less energy absorption and deformation of the ship hull.Moreover,with the increase of impact speed,the hysteresis of cargo sloshing gradually weakens.(4)Based on a new floating anti-collision interception system,the hydrodynamic coupling model and the ship-floating anti-collision interception system collision model considering the buoy-flow field coupling are established respectively.The hydrodynamic performance of the system is analyzed and checked,and its anti-collision interception performance is verified.The results can provide reference for the design of floating anticollision interception system.更多还原