【作者】 王琦；

【导师】 宋选民； 尉瑞；

【作者基本信息】 太原理工大学 ， 矿业工程（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 随着煤矿开采逐渐向深部转移,煤矿当中始终存在“三高一扰动”的现象,具体是指地应力、地温以及渗透压太大,同时挖掘作业造成的扰动越来越严重,作业区域巷道围岩的安全性无法得到保证,巷道底板受到严重破坏,这些都对煤矿的安全作业构成了严重的威胁。在回采巷道中,这种底鼓现象更加普遍,底鼓程度也更加严重。因此,对深部回采巷道底鼓控制技术的研究具有重要的科学价值。本文以姚家山矿(4+5)02工作面巷道为工程背景,针对巷道发生的挠曲褶皱型底鼓现象,以现场调研为依据,结合理论分析和数值模拟,对深部回采巷道底鼓力学机理及底鼓发生过程进行了深入的研究,取得了以下研究成果:(1)阐明了姚家山矿(4+5)02工作面巷道地质条件,掌握了姚家山矿(4+5)02工作面巷道底鼓产生的原因及特征。(2)根据挠曲褶皱型底鼓机理,建立了底板岩梁力学模型,运用岩石弹性力学理论,得出了底板岩层底鼓量的理论预测公式,进一步确定了挠曲褶皱型底鼓的影响因素,通过整理得到了底板岩层产生这种底鼓现象的临界破断条件。(3)通过FLAC3D数值模拟软件,采用控制变量法对直接底和基本底岩性、巷道跨度及直接底分层厚度这3个影响因素进行模拟分析,探讨了巷道围岩的位移、应力变化规律及塑性区破坏特征,得出了这3个影响因素对姚家山矿(4+5)02工作面巷道底鼓的影响规律,并为后续给出底鼓控制新方案提供基础;同时采用正交试验法,通过极差分析,得到了这3个因素对巷道底鼓影响的主次关系。(4)针对姚家山矿实际地质赋存情况,在通过理论分析和数值模拟对巷道底板破坏特征进行探讨的基础上,给出了4种不同的底鼓控制新方案,即“顶板、两帮加强锚索+底板锚杆”、“顶板、帮角加强支护+底角锚杆+底板注浆锚杆”、“顶板、帮角加强支护+底板锚杆+喷射混凝土”和“顶板、帮角加强支护+底角锚杆+底板切槽”。利用FLAC3D数值模拟软件将这4种新方案的支护效果与原有支护方案进行对比,通过分析选取一种最优方案,实现对(4+5)02工作面巷道底鼓的有效控制。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the gradual transfer of coal mining to the depths,the phenomenon of "three highs and one perturbation" always exists in coal mines,which means that the ground stress,ground temperature and osmotic pressure are too large.At the same time,the perturbation caused by the excavation operation is becoming more and more serious.The safety of the rock cannot be guaranteed,and the roadway floor is seriously damaged,all of which pose a serious threat to the safe operation of coal mines.In the gateway,this kind of floor heave phenomenon is more common,and the degree of floor heave is more serious.Therefore,the research on the floor heave control technology of deep gateway has important scientific value.The thesis takes the roadway of Yaojiashan Mine(4+5)02 working face as the engineering background,in the view of flexural and folded floor heave phenomenon that occurred in the roadway.The method combining site investigation,theoretical analysis and numerical simulation is used to analyze the deep gateway floor heave phenomenon.The mechanical mechanism and the occurrence process of the floor heave have been deeply studied,and the following research results have been obtained:(1)The geological conditions of the roadway in the(4+5)02 working face of the Yaojiashan Mine were expounded,and the causes and characteristics of the floor heave in the(4+5)02 working face of the Yaojiashan Mine were mastered.(2)According to the mechanism of the flexural and folded floor drum,a mechanical model of the floor rock beam is established.Using the theory of rock elasticity,the theoretical prediction formula of the kick volume of the floor stratum is obtained,and the influencing factors of the flexurally folded kick drum are further determined.(3)Through the FLAC3 D numerical simulation software,the three influencing factors of direct bottom and basic bottom lithology,roadway span and direct bottom layer thickness are simulated and analyzed by the control variable method,and the displacement,stress change law and plastic zone of the surrounding rock of the roadway are discussed.According to the damage characteristics,the influence rules of these three influencing factors on the floor heave of the(4+5)02 working face of the Yaojiashan mine are obtained,and provide a basis for the subsequent new plan for the control of the floor heave.At the same time,the orthogonal test method is used to Through the range analysis,the primary and secondary relationship of the influence of these three factors on the tunnel kick drum is obtained.(4)Aiming at the actual geological occurrence of Yaojiashan Mine,on the basis of discussing the failure characteristics of the roadway floor through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation,four different new solutions for the control of the floor drum are given,namely,the “roof plate,two reinforcement anchor cables + Bottom Anchor Rod”,“Top Plate,Corner Reinforcement Support + Bottom Corner Anchor + Bottom Grouting Anchor Rod”,“Top Plate,Corner Reinforcement Support + Bottom Plate Anchor + Shotcrete” and “Top Plate,Corner Reinforcement Support + bottom corner anchor + bottom plate grooving”.The FLAC3 D numerical simulation software is used to compare the support effects of these four new schemes with the original support schemes,and an optimal scheme is selected through analysis to achieve effective control of the floor drum of the(4+5)02 working face.更多还原