【作者】 刘少华；

【导师】 高爱云； 王传涛；

【作者基本信息】 河南科技大学 ， 工程硕士（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 随着能源紧缺和空气污染问题日益严重,发展新能源汽车大势所趋。公交出行作为重要的城市公共交通方式,能起到很好的节能减排效果,是实现可持续发展的重要举措。插电式混合动力客车具有优异的“节能减排”性能,是目前最具发展力的车型之一。能量管理策略是所有类型混合动力汽车的核心,其性能的好坏很大程度上决定了整车性能的优劣,对整车能量管理策略展开研究以提高整车燃油经济性具有重大实际意义。本文的主要研究内容如下:首先,统计某市公交线路信息,筛选出代表性线路,确定采样频率,采集实车工况数据,对所得原始数据中存在的无效停车数据、异常加速度数据和毛刺数据进行处理,完成运动学片段划分。其次,提出了一种基于K*-means算法的行驶工况构建方法,构建了某市插电式混合动力客车典型行驶工况。选取特征参数全面描述运动学片段信息,利用主成分分析法对原始特征参数矩阵进行降维,利用K*-means算法进行聚类分析,基于类中心距离法拟合出典型行驶工况和四类不同工况类型的代表工况。第三,针对当前ECMS大多是基于特定工况或电池SOC初始值固定的情况下研究而来的,不具有普遍性的问题,对ECMS进行优化,提出了一种能够根据车辆行驶工况类别和电池SOC初始值自动调用最优等效因子的变等效因子ECMS。具体实现步骤为:基于PSO离线优化不同工况类别和动力电池SOC初始值对应的最优等效因子,构建出等效因子MAP;构建出基于聚类算法的工况识别模型;将工况识别模型与等效因子MAP嵌入ECMS;改进后的ECMS可以从动力电池获取SOC初始值,从工况识别模型获取工况类别,根据以上两个参数通过查表的方式从等效因子MAP中调用最优等效因子,完成发动机与电动机的转矩分配。最后,通过在MATLAB/simulink中搭建能量管理策略,在AVL-Cruise中搭建整车模型,完成了两软件的联合仿真。结果表明,仿真车辆在AB_ECMS下,发动机启停次数明显减少,发动机和电机整体工作效率有所提升,整车燃油经济性提高了 4.52%。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the energy shortage and air pollution becoming more and more serious,the development of new energy vehicles is the general trend.As an important urban public transport mode,public transport travel can play a good effect of energy conservation and emission reduction,and is an important measure to achieve sustainable development.Plug in hybrid bus has excellent "energy saving and emission reduction"performance,and is one of the most powerful models at present.Energy management strategy is the core of all types of hybrid electric vehicles,and its performance largely determines the performance of the whole vehicle.It is of great practical significance to study the energy management strategy of the whole vehicle in order to improve the fuel economy of the whole vehicle.The main research contents of this paper are as follows:Firstly,count the bus line information of a city,select the representative lines,determine the sampling frequency,collect the real vehicle driving cycle data,process the invalid parking data,abnormal acceleration data and burr data in the obtained original data,and complete the division of kinematic segments.Secondly,a driving cycle construction method based on K*-means algorithm is proposed,and the typical driving cycle of PHEB in a city is constructed.The characteristic parameters are selected to comprehensively describe the kinematic segment information,the dimension of the original characteristic parameter matrix is reduced by using the principal component analysis method,the clustering analysis is carried out by using the K*-means algorithm,and the typical driving cycles and representative cycles of four different driving cycles are fitted based on the class center distance method.Thirdly,aiming at the problem that most of the current ECMS strategies are studied based on specific driving cycle or the initial value of battery SOC is fixed,which is not universal,the ECMS strategy is optimized,and a variable equivalent factor ECMS strategy which can automatically call the best equivalent factor according to the current driving cycle category and the initial value of battery SOC is proposed.Specific implementation steps:firstly,based on PSO algorithm,the equivalent factors under different driving cycles and initial SOC value of power battery are optimized offline,and the equivalent factor MAP is constructed;A driving cycle identification model based on clustering algorithm is constructed;Then,the driving cycle identification model and equivalent factor MAP are embedded into ECMS strategy;Finally,the ECMS strategy can get the initial value of SOC from the power battery and obtain the driving cycle from the driving cycle recognition model.According to the above two parameters,the optimal equivalent factor is invoked from the equivalent factor MAP through the look-up table,and the torque distribution between the engine and the motor is completed.Finally,by building the energy management strategy in Matlab/Simulink and the whole vehicle model in AVL-cruise,the joint simulation of the two software is completed.The simulation results show that the simulation vehicle is in AB_ECMS strategy,the number of engine starts and stops is significantly reduced,the overall working efficiency of engine and motor is improved,and the fuel economy of the whole vehicle is improved by 4.52%.更多还原