【作者】 黄丹；

【导师】 李卫东；

【作者基本信息】 海南大学 ， 生态学， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 万泉河流域构成海南省最为重要的生态屏障,其生态环境状况在海南省国民经济和社会发展中扮演着举足轻重的角色,为了掌握万泉河流域水生生物多样性及生态系统的健康状况,本课题从流域水产种质资源生物多样性和生态敏感性相结合的角度出发,以万泉河雅寨流域水生生物作为研究对象,于2021年分两次对万泉河雅寨流域采用实地监测、市场调查、走访了解等方法对该流域的水生生物及相关的生态学进行系统研究,分析该河段的水生生物资源现状,并利用多种评价水体质量的方法综合运用到万泉河雅寨流域的水体评价当中,综合多种评价结果为万泉河国家级水产种质资源保护区雅寨流域段水生生物资源保护提供基础资料支撑。本研究主要结果如下:(1)浮游植物调查流域共检出浮游植物137种,隶属于7大门,调查站位平均密度7.95×10~6cells/L;Shannon-Wiener指数(H)范围处于3.32～3.85之间,平均值为3.50;均匀度指数(J)变化范围在0.81～0.87之间,平均值为0.84。浮游植物优势种共有11个,其中优势度最高的是微小平裂藻,达0.114。(2)浮游动物万泉河雅寨流域此次调查共检出浮游动物有30种,隶属6大类。调查站位平均密度为7.16ind./L、平均生物量为0.016mg/L;Shannon-Wiener指数(H)在1.93～3.74之间波动,平均值为2.82;均匀度指数(J)在0.51～0.92范围之间波动,平均值为0.73。调查到的优势种有10个,其中,桡足类无节幼体优势度最高为0.283,其次是针棘匣壳虫为0.106。(3)底栖动物共检出底栖动物有4类,14种,调查站位平均生物量为138.471g/m~2,栖息密度值范围为32.00～1104.00ind./m~2,平均栖息密度为317.33ind./m~2、Shannon-Wiener指数(H)范围在0～2.75之间,平均值为1.01。调查到的优势种有4个,其中河蚬优势度最高,为0.109,其次是多足摇蚊属为0.062。(4)水生维管束植物水生维管束植物有18科,48种,平均生物量为1361.96 g/m~2,万泉河雅寨流域禾本科植物占调查鉴定的种类中最多,为12种,占鉴定种类的25%;菊科次之,为10种,占鉴定种类的21.3%;其他科种类较少,低于5种。(5)鱼类资源两次调查共采集到的渔获物分属于12目41科68属82种,鱼类丰富度指数为8.040,Shannon-Wiener指数(H)为5.662,Pielou均匀度指数(J)为0.891。调查到广东鲂、鲤、条纹狭鰕虎鱼、尼罗罗非鱼等13种优势种。其中,尼罗罗非鱼、黑点无须魮、齐氏罗非鱼和花身副丽鱼4种外来鱼类。(6)水质评价基于理化指标的水质评价结果表明万泉河雅寨河段所测的6个断面的水质指标满足地表水环境质量标准中Ⅱ类要求;基于浮游生物现存量、生物多样性指数,综合营养状态指数的综合评价结果显示:万泉河雅寨流域水质整体上处于贫营养水体到中营养水平之间。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Wanquan River basin constitutes the most important ecological barrier in Hainan Province,Its ecological environment plays an important role in the national economic and social development of Hainan Province,In order to grasp the health status of aquatic biodiversity and ecosystem in the Wanquan River Basin,From the perspective of combining the biodiversity and ecological sensitivity of the watershed aquatic germplasm resources,Taking the aquatic life in Wanquan River Yazhai Basin as the research object,In2021,a systematic study on aquatic life and related ecology in the Wanquan River azhai Basin was conducted by field monitoring,market survey,visit and understanding methods,Analyzing the current situation of aquatic biological resources in this river section,And a variety of water quality evaluation methods are comprehensively applied to the water evaluation of Wanquan River,The comprehensive multiple evaluation results provide basic data support for the protection of aquatic biological resources in the Yazhai River Basin section of the Wanquan River National Aquatic Germplasm Resources Protection Zone.The main results of this study are as follows:(1)PhytoplanktonA total of 137 phytoplankton were detected in the survey basin,belonging to 7 gates,the average density of the survey station was 7.95106cells/L;Shannon-Wiener index(H)ranged from 3.32 to 3.85,the average was 3.50;uniformity index(J)varied from 0.81 to0.87,and the average was 0.84.There are 11 dominant phytoplankton species,with the highest dominance,up to 0.114.(2)ZooplanktonA survey of 30 species of zooplankton were detected in the Wanquan River basin,belonging to 6 categories.The mean density of the survey station is 7.16ind./L and the average biomass is 0.016 mg/L;the Shannon-Wiener index(H)fluctuates between 1.93and 3.74,the average is 2.82;the evenness index(J)fluctuates in the range from 0.51 to0.92,and the average is 0.73.There are 10 dominant species investigated,among which,the highest dominance of copepod naulibs was 0.283,followed by 0.106.(3)Benthic animalsFour categories and 14 kinds of benthic animals were detected.The average biomass of the survey station was 138.471g/m~2,the habitat density value range was32.00～1104.00ind./m~2,the average habitat density was 317.33ind./m~2,Shannon-Wiener index(H)range from 0 to 2.75,and the average value was 1.01.Four dominant species were investigated,with the highest dominance of 0.109,followed by 0.062.(4)Aquatic vascular bundle plantsThere are 18 families and 48 species,with an average biomass of 1361.96 g/m~2.Most species in Wanquan River,12,or 25%;second,10,or 21.3%;other families,less than5.(5)Fish resourcesThe catch collected in the two surveys belonged to 82 species in 12 orders,41families and 68 genera.The fish richness index was 8.040,Shannon-Wiener index(H)was5.662,and Pielou evenness index(J)was 0.891.Thirteen dominant species of Guangdong sea bream,carp,striped tiger fish and Nile tilapia were investigated.Among them,Nile tilapia,black spot unnecessary,zi tilapia and flower body lily four species of exotic fish.(6)Water quality evaluationThe water quality evaluation results based on physical and chemical indexes show that the water quality indexes of the six sections meet the requirements of surface water environmental quality standard;the comprehensive status index and biodiversity index show that the water quality is between the poor nutrient water and the medium nutrition level.更多还原