【作者】 姜雪；

【导师】 张培红；

【作者基本信息】 东北大学 ， 安全科学与工程， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国城市化进程的不断加快,大型公共场所在结构和功能上朝着多样化、新颖化方向发展的同时,对于其中大规模人群流动的安全性也越来越重视。然而,由于大型公共场所内人员具有密度高、流动性大以及对于内部结构不熟悉等特点,大型公共场所内应急疏散指示系统通信信号传输的速度、有效性、可靠性和智能化程度受到了一定的挑战。本文在综合考虑疏散通道的可利用状态、拥挤程度和疏散能力,以及人群的疏散行动能力和滞留现象等因素协同作用的基础上,利用自适应蚁群算法,建立了大型公共场所大规模人员应急疏散决策优化模型,并在某地铁站和商业步行街进行了案例应用,利用Pathfinder软件对应急疏散决策优化模型进行验证。结果表明,所构建的应急疏散决策优化模型能够实现对于疏散路线全局最优的优化目标,在实现整体实际疏散时间RSET最短的同时,最大程度上平衡各出口的利用率,缓解个别疏散出口的人群滞留拥堵现象。采用并行多线程通信方式,对基于LoRa的智能应急疏散无线诱导指示标识通信方式进行改进,并在某地铁站进行了通信信号传输性能测试。结果表明,中控端与智能应急疏散无线诱导指示标识均能够在0.2s内完成信号传输,满足《消防应急照明和疏散指示系统技术标准》中对于疏散指示标识响应时间的要求。信号传输时间与信号指令内容无关,传输距离和建筑结构对信号传输时间影响不大,地铁站车辆进出站的运行状态及电气设备的电磁信号等对信号传输时间有一定影响。进行了应急疏散无线诱导指示标识在火灾事故环境下的性能测试,结果表明,其在烟气浓度较大的环境中依旧能够保持较清晰的辨识度,在热辐射和温度较高的环境中能够正常工作。在某图书馆进行了火灾监测前端、中控端和智能应急疏散无线诱导指示标识三级联动控制系统的示范应用。结果表明,该系统能够应用应急疏散决策优化模型根据事故状态进行疏散路径的全局优化,并实现视觉和声觉双重无线诱导,引导人员朝着远离着火点的方向安全逃生,具有远距离无线传输、灵活方便布置、信号传输效率高等特点。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the acceleration of urbanization in China,while the structure and function of large-scale public places are developing toward diversification and novelty,more and more attention is paid to the safety of large-scale crowd flow.However,due to the high density,large mobility and unfamiliar internal structure of personnel in large public places,the speed,effectiveness,reliability and intelligence of communication signal transmission of emergency evacuation indication system in large public places are being challenged to a certain extent.Based on the synergy of availability,crowding and evacuation capacity of evacuation passageway,as well as evacuation capability and retention phenomenon of the crowd,adaptive ant colony algorithm was used to set up the large-scale personnel emergency evacuation decision optimization model of large-scale public places,and the model was applied in some subway stations and commercial pedestrian street,and then was verified by Pathfinder software.The results show that the emergency evacuation decision optimization model constructed can achieve the global optimal optimization goal of evacuation route.While achieving the shortest overall actual evacuation time RSET,the model can balance the utilization rate of each exit to the greatest extent,and alleviate the phenomenon of crowd detention and congestion at some evacuation exits.In this paper,a parallel multithreading communication method is adopted to improve the intelligent emergency evacuation wireless guidance sign communication method based on LoRa,and the performance of communication signal transmission is tested in a subway station.The results show that the transmission between the central control end and intelligent wireless guidance emergency evacuation indicator signals can be completed within 0.2s,which meets the requirements of the response time for evacuation indicator sign in the Technical Standard for Fire Emergency Lighting and Evacuate Indicating System.The signal transmission time is irrelevant to the signal instruction contents.Transmission distance and the building structure have no impact on the signal transmission time.The operation of the metro vehicles in and out of the station and the electromagnetic signal of the electrical equipment have effects on signal transmission.The performance was tested the signs of the emergency evacuation wireless guidance in the environment of fire accident,the results show that can still be clearly identified in the environment with large smoke concentration,and can work normally in the environment with high thermal radiation and temperature.The demonstration application of the three-level linkage control system of fire monitoring front-end,central control end and intelligent emergency evacuation wireless guidance sign is carried out in a library.The results show that the system is able to apply the emergency evacuation decision optimization model to globally optimize evacuation path based on accident,and the visual and acoustic wireless guidance was realized.The system can guide personal to escape away from the point of ignition.The system can achieve wireless transmission,and has a flexible layout and signal transmission with high efficiency,etc.更多还原