【作者】 杨杰；

【导师】 刘和山；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 工业设计工程（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 脑卒中患者病发治疗三个月后,仍然患有上肢障碍的患者所占比例为55%～75%。由于人体上肢承担了生活中大部分的精细运动,因此上肢功能受损严重地影响了患者的生活质量。现有上肢康复产品所提供的训练方式多为围绕患者的肢体缺陷进行简单重复的基本动作训练,忽略了肢体运动功能的应用,没有与环境因素产生交互,脱离于实际日常生活情景,难以调动脑卒中患者的积极性。任务导向训练是一种以运动控制和运动再学习理论为基础,通过重复、集中和任务导向的训练,并结合日常生活中的具体活动,完成功能性任务并习得解决目标任务的方法。目前任务导向性训练在被动训练阶段需要在康复治疗师的辅助下完成。研究发现,上肢康复产品辅助患者进行任务导向性训练能够使训练任务贴近日常生活,激发患者的训练积极性,并且可以在患者被动康复训练时期进行介入,避免被动康复训练时期的训练过程过于空洞乏味,提高训练过程中的趣味性。任务导向性训练能够有效促进上肢的恢复,且辅以上肢康复机器人或其他康复技术的任务导向性训练更能够充分调动患肢的功能潜力,纠正代偿,协调患者的上肢肌群,帮助其能够以更加接近正常肢体运动的姿态完成上肢的功能性运动。因此,本课题围绕任务导向性训练在脑卒中上肢被动康复产品中的应用,通过进行用户研究和生理实验,并对脑卒中上肢康复产品的设计要素进行分析,完成任务导向型脑卒中上肢被动康复训练产品的设计。本文的主要工作如下:(1)对脑卒中患者的生理及心理特征进行研究,并通过问卷调查、用户访谈以及实地调研三种用户研究方法对康复产品的各级用户进行调研,挖掘康复过程中的痛点,并对原始调查结果进行归纳总结提炼,归纳出用户需求列表。(2)使用近红外脑功能成像设备对比沉浸式任务导向性被动训练和常规被动康复训练的生理功效,并结合被试者的主观反馈,证明了任务导向性训练在大脑皮层激活和功能连接方面的有效性,并确定了其在脑卒中上肢康复产品使用过程中的应用形式。(3)根据用户研究结果和实验探索结果,总结任务选择原则与产品设计原则,归纳人体上肢生理特征以及运动空间尺寸,并进行产品的功能要素、造型要素、交互要素以及CMF设计要素的分析。(4)在前文的基础上依次对目标用户、产品功能、使用流程及产品外观进行设计定位,然后对设计方案进行探索、筛选和细化,最终完成任务导向型脑卒中上肢被动康复训练产品的设计。本课题针对脑卒中上肢功能障碍患者,从用户需求出发,证明了任务导向性训练在被动训练过程中的有效性并基于产品设计原则和产品设计要素分析,将任务导向训练应用于脑卒中上肢康复产品的设计。在理论意义上,将任务导向性训练与上肢康复辅具的应用形式进一步扩展,为脑卒中上肢康复产品的后续开发提供了一种新的思路,是对任务导向性训练的应用产品化的进一步探索。更多还原

【Abstract】 After three months of treatment for stroke patients,the proportion of patients who still have upper limb disorders is 55%～75%.Since the upper limbs of human body undertake most of the fine movement in life,the impaired function of upper limbs seriously affects the quality of life of patients.Most of the training methods provided by existing upper limb rehabilitation products are simple and repetitive basic movement training around the patients’ limb defects,ignoring the application of limb motor functions,not interacting with environmental factors,which is difficult to mobilize the enthusiasm of stroke patients.Task-oriented training is based on motor control and motor relearning theory,in which stroke patients can complete functional tasks and learn ways to solve target tasks through repetitive,focused and task-oriented training,combined with specific activities in daily life.At present,task-oriented training needs to be completed with the assistance of therapists during passive training phase.It is found that task-oriented training assisted by upper limb rehabilitation products can make the training task close to daily life,stimulate the training enthusiasm of patients.And by intervening in the passive rehabilitation training period of patients,the training during the passive rehabilitation period can avoid being too empty and boring,and the enthusiasm of patients can be increased.Task-oriented training can effectively promote the recovery of upper limbs,and task-oriented training supplemented by upper limb rehabilitation robots or other rehabilitation technologies can fully mobilize the functional potential of the affected limb,help patients correcting compensation,coordinating upper limb muscle groups,and completing upper limb movement in a posture close to normal limb movement.Therefore,focused on the application of task-oriented training in stroke upper limb passive rehabilitation products,the design of a task-oriented upper limb passive rehabilitation training product for stroke is completed in this paper,by conducting user research and physiological experiment and analyzing the design elements of stroke upper limb rehabilitation products.The main work of this paper is as follows:(1)The physiological and psychological characteristics of stroke patients were studied,and the users at all levels of rehabilitation products were investigated through three user research methods:questionnaire survey,user interview and field research,to dig out the pain points in the rehabilitation process,and conclude the user needs list by summarizing and refining the original survey results.(2)The physiological efficacy of immersive task-oriented passive training and conventional passive rehabilitation training was compared by using near-infrared brain functional imaging equipment,and combined with the subjective feedback of the subjects,the effectiveness of task-oriented training in cerebral cortex activation and functional connectivity was proved.And the application form of task-oriented training in the use of stroke upper limb rehabilitation products was determined.(3)According to the results of user research and experimental exploration,the task selection principles and product design principles were summarized,the physiological characteristics of human upper limbs and the size of the movement space were summarized,and the design elements of the product such as function,shape,interaction and CMF were analyzed.(4)On the basis of the above,the target user,product function,use process and product appearance were positioned,and then the design schemes were explored,screened and refined to finally complete the design of the task-oriented upper limb passive rehabilitation training product for stroke.This paper aims at patients with upper limb dysfunction of stroke,starting from user needs,proves the effectiveness of task-oriented training in passive training process,and applies taskoriented training to the design of the upper limb rehabilitation product based on product design principles and product design element analysis.In the theoretical sense,the application form of task-oriented training and upper limb rehabilitation assistive device is further expanded,which provides a new idea for the subsequent development of upper limb rehabilitation products for stroke,and futher explores the application productization of task-oriented training.更多还原