【作者】 高洁；

【导师】 袁长明；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 会计（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【副题名】以比亚迪企业为例

【摘要】 我国在2020年明确提出2030年之前完成碳达峰、2060年之前完成碳中和的目标,这是国家做出的一项重要的战略性决定。达成“双碳”目标是突破资源环境制约,实现可持续发展,适应国际大变局,构建人类命运共同体,促进人与环境的协调发展的必要途径。汽车行业作为碳排放量最大的产业之一,早在过去就成为了低碳改革的重点,而新能源汽车的发展则有效缓解了碳排放的问题,有利于推动“双碳”目标的实现。新能源汽车自2005年进入我国市场,政府为加快新能源产业布局,从2009年开始对新能源汽车产业进行补助,一路扶持该产业蓬勃发展,这对于国内新能源汽车行业整体的绩效提升起到了至关重要的作用。然而在三年新冠疫情的冲击下,地方政府承担了许多民生领域的开支,财政收入方面也存在一定压力,如何提升财政补助政策的精准性和有效性,如何准确识别个体企业的资金需求以促进新能源汽车产业发展还有待进一步的研究。本文梳理了国内外相关研究,基于市场失灵理论、信号传递理论、利益相关者理论和寻租理论等分析了政府补助对新能源汽车企业绩效的影响。比亚迪作为新能源汽车行业龙头企业,较早地进入国内新能源汽车市场,接受了较多的政府补助,并且较优越地利用了政府补助,具有一定的参考性,因此本文选择了该企业作为案例企业。本文首先构建了比亚迪企业绩效评价体系,分别从财务绩效和非财务绩效两方面进行分析,其中财务绩效包括经营能力、盈利能力、偿债能力和发展能力,非财务绩效包括创新绩效、环保绩效和市场绩效,并用熵值法对比亚迪企业整体绩效进行综合评价;其次,本文采用Pearson分析法,分别研究政府补助对比亚迪企业财务绩效和非财务绩效的影响,并采用数据包络法分析政府补助对该企业绩效的影响效率,最后得出如下研究结论:(1)政府补助在2016年以前对比亚迪企业绩效的提升有较强的积极影响,但在2016年以后,这种影响的效率逐渐降低,并产生冗余;(2)财务绩效方面,政府补助对比亚迪企业的财务绩效呈现积极的影响;(3)非财务绩效方面,政府补助对比亚迪企业的创新绩效和市场绩效呈现积极影响,但间接对其环保绩效产生了消极的影响。综合以上研究,本文分别从企业和政府两个角度给予一定的建议。企业方面,在政府补助退坡的背景下,新能源汽车企业应当积极创新以提升自身的核心竞争力,并且在发展的过程中企业应当兼顾利益相关方,承担一定的社会责任;政府方面,应当继续坚持社会主义市场经济,在遵循市场发展规律的基础上正确引导企业发展,并且在后续制定相关补助政策时拓宽监督范围,落实对补助前中后期不同的监督措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 In 2020,China set a goal to achieve the carbon peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060,which is an important strategic decision of China.Implementing the "double carbon"strategy is necessary to break the resource and environmental constraints and achieve sustainable development.Implementing the strategy is also necessary for coping with the world’s significant changes,building a community of human destiny and promoting the harmonious coexistence of human beings and nature.As one of the industries with the most significant carbon emissions,the auto industry has been the focus of low-carbon reform in the past.Meanwhile,developing new energy vehicles has effectively alleviated the problem of carbon emissions.It is also helpful in promoting the achievement of "double carbon" goals.In 2005,new energy vehicles entered the market.In 2009,the Chinese government began to subsidize the new energy vehicle industry to accelerate the layout of the new energy industry.The Government subsidies support the industry’s vigorous development all the way,which has played a vital role in improving the overall performance of the domestic new energy vehicle industry.However,under the influence of the three-year COVID-19 pandemic,local governments have undertaken high livelihood expenditures.Thus there is a certain pressure on fiscal revenue.It still needs further research that improves the financial subsidy policy’s accuracy and effectiveness and identifies individual enterprises’ funding needs to promote the development of the new energy vehicle industry.This paper combs through relevant domestic and international studies.It analyzes the impact of government subsidies on the performance of new energy vehicle enterprises from the market failure theory,signal transmission theory,stakeholder theory and rent-seeking theory.BYD entered the domestic new energy vehicle market relatively early and received relatively more government subsidies,which is representative.Therefore,this paper selects BYD,a leading enterprise in the new energy vehicle industry,as a case for analysis.This paper first builds the evaluation system for BYD’s enterprise performance,analyzing the financial and non-financial performance.The financial performance includes operating ability,profitability,solvency and development ability.The non-financial performance includes innovation performance,environment protection performance and market performance.This paper uses the entropy value method to evaluate the BYD’s enterprise performance comprehensively.Secondly,this paper chooses the Pearson analysis method to study the impact of government subsidies on BYD’s financial and non-financial enterprise performance.This paper also analyzes the efficiency of the impact of government subsidies on BYD’s enterprise performance based on the data envelopment method.Finally,this paper generates the following conclusions:(1)the government subsidies had a strong positive impact on the BYD’s enterprise performance before 2016,but the efficiency of this impact diminished and generated redundancy after 2016(2)from the aspect of the financial performance,the government subsidies show an overall positive impact on BYD’s financial enterprise performance(3)from the aspect of the nonfinancial performance,government subsidies demonstrate a positive impact on BYD’s innovation and market enterprise performance,but indirectly harm their environment protection performance.The above research has led to some recommendations for enterprises and the government.For enterprises,under the background of the withdrawal of government subsidies,new energy vehicle enterprises should actively innovate to improve their core competitiveness.They should consider the stakeholders and take social responsibility in the development process.The government should keep following the socialist market economic system.Based on the law of market development,the government needs to guide the enterprises’ development correctly.The government should also broaden the scope of supervision in the subsequent development of relevant subsidy policies and implement different supervision measures before,during and after the subsidy.更多还原