【作者】 李慧；

【导师】 钱晓晴； 李文西；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 农业硕士（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 土壤是作物生长的物质基础,良好的土壤环境条件及肥力水平是农作物生长发育、产量及品质形成的重要保证。然而不良的土壤物理、化学及生物学特性严重影响着作物正常生长与产量、品质的形成。本研究通过对江苏省扬州市仪征市大新线三茅蔬菜园设施障碍土壤进行采样,测定土壤基本化学性质、有效养分含量和部分水溶性离子含量,综合比较土壤各项监测指标,得出土壤酸化是制约土壤生产能力的主要限制因子。采用实验室培养试验,设置0、100、200、300、400、500、600、700mg/kg8个用量水平氧化钙处理以及0、75、150、225、300、375、450、525mg/kg 8个用量水平氧化镁处理,观测土壤酸碱度、有机质及有效养分含量的变化情况,初步推荐土壤培肥改良剂配方以改良酸性土壤;采用盆栽试验和田间微区试验,校验、优化改良剂配方及施用技术。通过研究,获得以下主要结果。1.对江苏省扬州市仪征市大新线三茅蔬菜园设施障碍土壤样品进行采集与监测分析。该蔬菜园土壤酸化严重,土壤pH达到强酸性水平,土壤中存在大量的交换性酸与水解性酸。土壤电导率与水溶性阳离子(Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+、K+)和阴离子(NO3-、HCO3-、Cl-、SO42-)关系密切。土壤有机质含量整体较高,基础肥力较好。2.土壤速效氮含量整体处于中等水平,土壤速效磷、速效钾含量整体处于很丰富水平,土壤有效铁、有效锰、有效铜含量整体处于丰富及很丰富水平,部分土壤速效锌、有效硼、有效钼含量较低。土壤有效锰含量与土壤有机质含量呈极显著负相关;土壤pH、速效磷含量与土壤有效铜含量之间,土壤速效磷、速效钾与土壤有效锌之间,土壤有效硼与土壤pH之间,土壤有机质含量与土壤有效钼含量之间均呈显著相关性。3.根据土壤有效养分含量与水溶性养分含量之间的相互关系,初步确定土壤有效磷的环境阈值为138 mg/kg,速效钾的环境阈值为194 mg/kg,交换性钙的环境阈值为473mg/kg,交换性镁的环境阈值为124mg/kg。农作生产上磷、钾、钙、镁肥不宜一次性大量施用。4.为了遏制土壤酸化问题,施入氧化钙或氧化镁。随着其用量的增加,土壤pH在升高的同时,土壤速效氮、有效磷、速效钾、有效铁、有效锰、有效锌、有效钼含量均有所变化,大量施用氧化钙可以提高土壤有效钼供应水平,但对绝大多数土壤养分元素有效性均有负面影响。综合培养试验结果,氧化钙一次性施用量在200-400 mg/kg或氧化镁一次性施用量在225-375 mg/kg为宜。5.盆栽试验条件下,施用推荐用量的氧化钙可以提高土壤pH0.53,改善小白菜生长状况,小白菜产量平均提高14.7%。田间微区试验条件下,施用推荐用量的氧化钙可以有效提高土壤的pH 0.44,显著改善小白菜生长状况,小白菜产量平均提高18.2%。对于强酸化设施障碍土壤,可以使用氧化钙和氧化镁加以矫正,但必须控制一次性用量不能过大,防止引发土壤速效氮、有效磷、速效钾、有效铁、有效锰、有效锌含量大幅下降导致作物营养不良的问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 Soil is the material basis for crop growth,and good soil environmental conditions and fertility levels are an important guarantee for crop growth and development,yield and quality formation.However,poor soil physical,chemical and biological properties seriously affect the normal growth and yield and quality of crops.In this study,the basic chemical properties,effective nutrient content and partial water-soluble ion content of the soil were determined by sampling the soil from the facility barrier of Sanmao vegetable garden in Daxin line,Yizheng City,Yangzhou City,Jiangsu Province,and comprehensively comparing the soil monitoring indexes,we concluded that soil acidification is the main limiting factor limiting soil productivity.laboratory incubation test was used to set 0,100,200,300,400,500 The laboratory incubation test was used to set up 8 treatments of calcium oxide at 0,100,200,300,400,500,600,700mg/kg and 8 treatments of magnesium oxide at 0,75,150,225,300,375,450,525mg/kg to observe the changes of soil pH,organic matter and effective nutrient content and initially recommend soil fertilizer amendment formulations to improve acidic soils;the pot test and field micro-area test were used to verify and optimize the formulation of soil amendment and application techniques.We used pot tests and field micro-area tests to verify and optimize the formulation and application techniques of the amendments.The following main results were obtained from the study.1.Soil samples were collected and monitored and analyzed for the facility barrier soil in Sanmao vegetable garden of Daxin Line,Yizheng City,Yangzhou City,Jiangsu Province.The soil of this vegetable garden was severely acidified and the soil pH reached a strongly acidic level with a large amount of exchange acid and hydrolytic acid in the soil.Soil conductivity was closely related to water-soluble cations(Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+、K+)and anions(NO3-、HCO3-、Cl-、SO42-).The overall soil organic matter content is high and the basic fertility is good.2.The overall effective nitrogen content of the soil is at a medium level,the overall effective phosphorus and fast-acting potassium content of the soil is at a very rich level,the overall effective iron,effective manganese and effective copper content of the soil is at a rich and very rich level,and the effective zinc,effective boron and effective molybdenum content of some soils is low.Soil effective manganese content and soil organic matter content are highly significantly negatively correlated;soil pH,organic matter content,effective phosphorus content and soil effective copper content,soil effective boron and soil pH,soil organic matter content and soil effective molybdenum content are significantly correlated.3.According to the correlation between soil effective nutrient content and water-soluble nutrient content,the preliminary environmental thresholds for soil effective phosphorus are 138 mg/kg,for fast-acting potassium 194 mg/kg,for exchangeable calcium 473 mg/kg,and for exchangeable magnesium 124 mg/kg.large amounts of phosphorus,potassium,calcium and magnesium fertilizers should not be applied at once in farming production.4.To curb the problem of soil acidification,calcium oxide or magnesium oxide is applied.With the increase of their dosage,soil pH in the rise at the same time,soil effective nitrogen,effective phosphorus,effective potassium,effective iron,effective manganese,effective zinc,effective molybdenum content have changed,a large number of applications of calcium oxide can improve the level of soil effective molybdenum supply,but the effectiveness of most soil nutrient elements have a negative impact.The results of the comprehensive culture test showed that a one-time application rate of 200-400 mg/kg for calcium oxide or 225-375 mg/kg for magnesium oxide was appropriate.5.Under the pot test conditions,the application of the recommended amount of calcium oxide could effectively increase the pH 0.53 of the soil,improve the growth of chard and increase the yield of chard by 14.7%on average.Under the field micro-zone test conditions,the application of the recommended amount of calcium oxide could effectively raise the pH 0.44 of the soil,significantly improving the growth condition of chard and increasing the yield of chard by 18.2%on average.For strong acidification facility barrier soil,calcium oxide and magnesium oxide can be used to correct,but it must be controlled that the one-time dosage should not be too large to prevent triggering the problem of crop nutrient deficiencies caused by a significant drop in soil effective nitrogen,effective phosphorus,effective potassium,effective iron,effective manganese and effective zinc content.更多还原