【作者】 张文；

【导师】 张亚洁； 赵步洪；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 农业硕士（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 我国是一个自然灾害频发的大国,洪涝灾害是我国最为严重的农业灾害之一,研究淹涝胁迫对水稻形态生理、碳氮代谢产物、营养特性、产量和稻米品质的影响,以寻找水稻分蘖期受涝深度和受涝时间的临界值,确定农田排水标准,促进农业可持续发展。本试验选取南粳9108作为供试品种,分别设置淹涝深度为植株高度的1/2(淹腰)、2/3(淹颈)和1/1(全淹)以及淹涝时间为1d、3d、5d和7d的处理组合,对照(CK)用常规干湿交替节水管理。主要研究结论:在形态生理方面,随着淹涝深度的增加,各淹水处理的最长根长和根体积与对照相比有减少的趋势;淹涝时间为1d和3d处理的不定根数量与对照相比出现先增加后减少的趋势;淹涝时间为1d处理的根直径与对照相比呈现上升的趋势。稻株花后的SPAD值、茎蘖动态均随着淹水程度的加深较对照均呈现下降或显著下降的趋势;随着淹涝深度的增加,淹涝时间为3d、5d和7d处理下的水稻地上部含氮素含量表现出先下降后上升的趋势;随着淹涝时间的增加,不同淹涝深度处理下的水稻地上部含磷素含量呈现出逐渐下降的趋势。在碳氮代谢产物方面,随着淹水深度的增加,稻株稻米蛋白质含量呈现先下降再上升的趋势,且在淹涝时长3d出现最低值;随着淹涝时间的增加,不同淹涝深度处理下的稻株稻米淀粉含量均呈现出先下降后上升的趋势;随着淹涝时间的增加,不同淹涝深度下的稻米可溶性含量均表现出逐渐上升的趋势,在1d淹涝处理下的稻米可溶性含量均显著低于对照水平,而在5d和7d淹涝处理下的稻米可溶性含量均显著高于对照水平;随着淹涝时间的增加,不同淹涝深度下的稻株稻米蔗糖含量均表现出先下降后上升的趋势。在产量和稻米品质方面,1/1-1d处理的穗数和产量显著高于对照水平,每穗粒数、结实率和千粒重与对照相比无显著差异,其余各处理的产量和产量构成均呈现下降或显著下降的趋势。除了 1/1(全淹)情况下的处理,稻米的精米率较对照有所提高。稻米的整精米率随着淹涝程度的加深而提高,但基本低于对照;稻米垩白率和垩白度随淹涝时间的延长基本呈现先增加后降低再增加的趋势;随着淹水深度的增加,淹涝时间为1d、3d、5d和7d处理下的峰值粘度、热浆粘度、崩解值、最终粘度较对照呈现下降或者显著下降趋势。随着淹水深度的增加,淹涝时间为1d、3d和5d处理的消减值与对照相比呈现上升或显著上升的趋势;随着淹水时间的增加,稻米直链淀粉含量表现为先升高后降低的趋势,下降幅度随着淹涝深度的增加而变大;随着淹涝程度的加深,稻米的加工品质影响不大,而短时间淹水处理后稻米的外观、蒸煮和营养品质有一定的改善。相关分析表明,分蘖期南粳9108受淹水胁迫后,整精米率与稻米蛋白质、可溶性糖和总淀粉呈现显著或极显著正相关(r=0.636*～0.745**)。垩白米率与稻米蛋白质、可溶性糖和总淀粉呈现显著负相关(r=-0.498*～-0.697*)。垩白度与稻米蛋白质和总淀粉呈现显著负相关(r=-0.569*～-0.592*)。直链淀粉与稻米蛋白质和总淀粉呈现极显著负相关(r=-0.786**～-0.891**),与可溶性糖呈现极显著正相关(r=0.725**)。若将淹水处理下的水稻减产控制在10%以内,对稻米加工品质无显著影响,且稻米的外观、营养和蒸煮品质均得到一定程度的改善。本研究提出了分蘖期稻田雨水蓄水上限标准:淹腰(1/2)、淹颈(2/3)和全淹(1/1),田间蓄雨时长可持续1～3d。更多还原

【Abstract】 China is a country prone to natural disasters,and flooding is one of the most serious agricultural disasters in China.The effects of flooding stress on morphological and physiological,carbon and nitrogen metabolites,nutritional characteristics,yield and rice quality of rice were studied to find the critical values of flooding depth and flooding time during the tillering stage of rice,to determine the drainage standard of farmland and to promote sustainable agricultural development.In this experiment,South Japonica 9108 was selected as the test variety,and treatment combinations of inundation depth of 1/2(inundation waist),2/3(inundation neck)and 1/1(full inundation)of plant height and inundation time of 1d,3d,5d and 7d were set respectively,while the control(CK)was managed with conventional alternate wet and dry water conservation.Main study findings:In terms of morphophysiology,the longest root length and root volume of each inundation treatment tended to decrease compared to the control as the inundation depth increased;the number of adventitious roots in the 1d and 3d inundation treatments tended to increase and then decrease compared to the control;the root diameter in the 1d inundation treatment tended to increase compared to the control.The SPAD values and stem dynamics of the rice plants after flowering showed a decreasing or significant decrease with increasing inundation compared to the control;with increasing inundation depth,the above-ground nitrogen content of the rice plants in the treatments of 3d,5d and 7d inundation showed a decreasing and then increasing trend.The above-ground phosphorus content of rice under different inundation depths showed a decreasing trend with increasing inundation time.In terms of carbon and nitrogen metabolites,the protein content of rice showed a trend of decreasing and then increasing with increasing flooding depth,with the lowest value occurring at 3d of flooding.The soluble content of rice under the 1d flooding treatment was significantly lower than that of the control,while the soluble content of rice under the 5d and 7d flooding treatments was significantly higher than that of the control.With increasing flooding time,the rice sucrose content of rice plants under different flooding depths showed a decreasing trend followed by an increasing trend.In terms of yield and rice quality,the number of spikes and yield of the 1/1-1d treatment were significantly higher than the control level,while the number of grains per spike,set percentage and thousand grain weight were not significantly different compared to the control,while the remaining treatments showed a decreasing or significantly decreasing trend in yield and yield components.The percentage of whole rice concentrate increased compared to the control,except for the treatment in the 1/1(fully flooded)condition.The chalkiness and chalkiness of rice tended to increase,then decrease and then increase with increasing flooding time.The peak viscosity,hot slurry viscosity,disintegration value and final viscosity of rice in the 1d,3d,5d and 7d treatments tended to decrease or significantly decrease with increasing flooding depth compared to the control.With increasing flooding depth,the abatement values of the 1d,3d and 5d treatments tended to increase or significantly increase compared to the control;with increasing flooding time,the straight-chain starch content of rice tended to increase and then decrease,and the decrease became greater with increasing flooding depth;with increasing flooding degree,the processing quality of rice was not significantly affected,while the appearance,cooking and nutritional quality of rice after short flooding treatments had The appearance,cooking and nutritional quality of the rice improved to a certain extent after a short period of flooding.Correlation analysis showed that the percentage of whole refined rice was significantly or highly significantly positively correlated with rice protein,soluble sugars and total starch(r=0.636*to 0.745**)after the tiller stage of South Japonica 9108 was stressed by flooding.Chalkiness showed a significant negative correlation with rice protein,soluble sugars and total starch(r=-0.498*to-0.697*).Chalkiness showed a significant negative correlation with rice protein and total starch(r=-0.569*to-0.592*).Straight-chain starch showed a highly significant negative correlation with rice protein and total starch(r=-0.786**to-0.891**)and a highly significant positive correlation with soluble sugars(r=0.725**).If the yield reduction of rice under flooding treatment is controlled within 10%,there is no significant effect on the processing quality of rice and the appearance,nutrition and cooking quality of rice are improved to some extent.In this study,the upper limit of rainwater storage in paddy fields at the tillering stage was proposed:flooded waist(1/2),flooded neck(2/3)and fully flooded(1/1),and the length of rain storage in the field could last from 1 to 3d.更多还原