外源硒对甜菜种子萌发、幼苗生长及品质的影响

【作者】 张冰；

【导师】 张福顺； 于清涛；

【作者基本信息】 黑龙江大学 ， 农业硕士（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 硒是动植物所必须的微量营养元素,缺乏和过量都会产生不良影响。甜菜作为一种重要的经济作物,不仅可以用于制糖,而且其副产品还具有很高的营养和药理价值,而在甜菜上有关硒处理方面的研究较少,因此开展外源硒对甜菜的影响方面研究变得尤为重要。本研究以2个不同栽培型甜菜为试验材料,采用纳米硒和亚硒酸钠浸种、水培、大田喷施试验的方法,通过测定种子萌发参数、幼苗生理生化指标、块根品质及营养元素等相关指标,初步探明了甜菜对外源硒的响应机制。论文的主要研究结果如下:在甜菜种子发芽试验中,随着纳米硒处理浓度的增加,种子的发芽率和发芽势呈上升趋势。当处理浓度达到20 mg/L时,甜菜种子的发芽率、发芽势达到最大值;当处理浓度达到400 mg/L时,对种子的发芽势和发芽率有抑制作用。随着亚硒酸钠处理浓度的升高,种子的发芽率和发芽势呈现出先上升后下降的趋势。当处理浓度达到20 mg/L时,甜菜种子的发芽率、发芽势达到最大值,在400 mg/L时,与对照组有显著差异。纳米硒处理后的甜菜幼苗对MDA含量有促进作用,SOD活性整体呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,并在100 mg/L时达到最高值,与对照组有显著差异,CAT活性下降,红甜菜中POD活性呈先上升后下降的趋势,糖用甜菜POD活性呈先下降后上升的趋势。甜菜幼苗的MDA含量随着亚硒酸钠处理浓度的增加呈现出上升的趋势,SOD活性呈现出先升高后下降的趋势,在20 mg/L时达到最高值,POD、CAT活性整体呈上升趋势。叶面喷硒提高了食用红甜菜块根中K、Cu、Mo的含量,在低浓度时Zn、Mn含量下降,高浓度时提升;纳米硒提高了糖用甜菜K、Na、Cu、Mo、Co的含量,在低浓度Zn含量受到抑制,在高浓度时有促进作用。随着纳米硒浓度的增加硒含量出现先增高后下降的趋势,并且在80 mg/L时达到最高,与对照组有显著差异。甜菜块根中Se元素与Ca、Mn、Fe、Zn成负相关,与K、Mo成正相关。在纳米硒浓度为20 mg/L,食用红甜菜蛋白质含量上升,糖用甜菜蛋白质含量下降,说明纳米硒对不同类型甜菜的蛋白质含量影响有差别。叶面喷施纳米硒对食用红甜菜中的甜菜红素有抑制作用,甜菜红素含量随着纳米硒浓度的增加呈现出先下降后上升的趋势。田间喷施纳米硒对糖用甜菜品质指标具有一定影响,与对照相比,含糖率整体呈下降趋势,K、Na和α-N含量整体呈上升趋势。综上所述,通过对甜菜种子进行纳米硒和亚硒酸钠浸种,确定最适种子萌发浓度为20 mg/L;水培试验表明不同浓度的纳米硒和亚硒酸钠对甜菜的生长发育以及抗氧化能力有不同程度的影响;田间试验表现出叶面喷施纳米硒能够有效提高甜菜块根中的硒含量。更多还原

【Abstract】 Selenium is a necessary micronutrient for animals and plants.Both deficiency and excess of selenium will have adverse effects.Sugar beet,an important Cash crop,is not only used in sugar production,but also has high nutritional and pharmacological value as a by-product,so it is very important to study the effect of exogenous selenium on sugar beet.In this study,two different sugarbeet cultivars were used as experimental materials.The methods of seed soaking,hydroponic and field spraying with nano-selenium and disodium selenite were used,the response mechanism of sugar beet to exogenous selenium was studied by measuring seed germination parameters,seedling physiological and biochemical indexes,root quality and nutrient elements.The main findings of the paper are as follows:In sugarbeet seed germination test,with the increase of nano-selenium treatment concentration,the germination rate and germination potential showed an upward trend.When the treatment concentration reached 20 mg/L,the germination rate and germination potential of sugarbeet seeds reached the maximum,and when the treatment concentration reached 400 mg/L,the germination rate and germination potential of sugarbeet seeds were inhibited.With the increase of disodium selenite concentration,the germination rate and germination potential of seeds showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.When the concentration of sugar beet reached 20 mg/L,the germination rate and germination potential reached the maximum,and at 400 mg/L,there was a significant difference with the control group.After nano-se treatment,the content of MDA in sugar beet seedlings was increased,the activity of SOD increased first and then decreased,and reached the highest value at100 mg/L,which was significantly different from the control group,and the activity of CAT decreased,the POD activity of red beet increased first and then decreased,while that of sugar beet decreased first and then increased.The content of MDA in sugarbeet seedlings increased with the increase of disodium selenite concentration,while the activity of SOD increased at first and then decreased,reaching the peak at 20mg/L,the activities of POD and CAT increased.Spraying SE on the leaf increased the content of K,Cu,Mo in the root tuber of edible red beet,decreased the content of Zn,Mn at low concentration and increased the content of Co at high concentration,and nano-se increased the content of K,Na,Cu,Mo,Co in sugar beet,the content of Zn was inhibited at low concentration and promoted at high concentration.With the increase of nano-se concentration,the content of SE increased first and then decreased,and reached the highest at 80mg/L,which was significantly different from the control group.The content of SE in the root tuber of sugarbeet has negative correlation with Ca,Mn,Fe,Zn and positive correlation with K,Mo.When the concentration of nano-se was 20mg/L,the protein content of edible red beet increased,while that of sugar beet decreased.Spraying nano-se on the leaf could inhibit the content of beta-carotene in edible red beet,and the content of beta-carotene decreased first and then increased with the increase of nano-se concentration.Compared with the control,the sugar content of sugar beet decreased and the content of K,Na andα-N increased as a whole.To sum up,the optimum seed germination concentration was determined to be 20 mgl by soaking beet seeds with nano-selenium and disodium selenite Hydroponic experiments showed that nano-selenium and disodium selenite had different effects on the growth and antioxidant capacity of sugar beet The field experiment showed that spraying nano-se on the leaf could effectively increase the content of se in the root tuber of sugarbeet.更多还原