【作者】 赵昕；

【导师】 袁晓川；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 新闻传播学， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,媒介技术快速发展,网民数量连续攀升,网络信息爆炸式增长,媒介环境的更新为传统新闻行业带来冲击。在我国,党管媒体的客观属性决定了我国的主流媒体在做好新闻舆论工作方面发挥着举足轻重的作用。如何应对新媒介环境下的种种挑战,是我国主流媒体在新闻实践中必须解答的问题。诞生于西方的建设性新闻,作为一种以缓和受众负面情绪、增加个人与社会福祉为目标的新理念,为我国主流媒体的新闻实践提供了可参考的思路。因此,本文旨在立足中国语境,通过实验法对建设性新闻的传播效果进行检验,以期为该理念在实践层面的运用提供借鉴。本文共回答两个研究问题,采用2×2×2实验的方式展开,研究设计了不同报道情感效价(积极效价/消极效价)、是否提供解决方案(提供/不提供)、不同感知话题相关性(高相关/低相关)组合的实验刺激材料,以山东省某重点高校在读大学生为研究对象,测量400名被试在阅读不同文本后,在态度、行为意愿维度的个体感受。通过上述实验设计及数据分析,研究一回答了建设性新闻两大核心元素,即积极情感与解决方案在传播效果中发挥的作用;研究二回答了情感效价、方案有无、感知相关性的不同信息组织方式在传播效果层面的差异。研究一结果表明:①相较于包含消极情感的信息,以积极情感组织的建设性新闻会使受众对话题持有的态度更加积极。但在线上和亲社会行为意愿层面,受众却表现出了更低的行动倾向。②相较于不提供解决方案的信息,提供解决方案的建设性新闻在受众的态度、行为意愿维度均未表现出传播效果优势。研究二结果表明:①情感效价与感知相关性在话题态度和线上行为意愿层面具有交互作用,并且积极效价对低相关性受众的态度改善效果最好,而消极效价对高相关性受众的线上行为意愿促进效果最好②情感效价、方案有无、感知相关性在线上行为意愿和亲社会行为意愿层面具有交互作用。对高相关性受众而言,在积极效价、无解决方案的信息组织方式下,线上行为意愿最强烈,仅包含积极效价或仅提供解决方案的信息组织方式对亲社会行为意愿促进效果良好;对低相关性受众而言,不包含任何建设性新闻元素的信息对线上行为意愿和亲社会行为意愿的激发效果最好。研究结果丰富了当前对中国语境下建设性新闻传播效果的认知,并关注到建设性新闻的作用发挥可能受到受众群体与报道主题间相关性差异的影响,对建设性新闻的实际应用进行了一定程度的丰富与拓展,为中国主流媒体的建设性新闻实践提供了参考与借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 The traditional journalism sector has been greatly impacted by the rapid advancement of media technology,the constant increase in Internet users,the explosion of online information,and the renewal of the media environment in recent years.According to the objective characteristic of party-run media in China,the mainstream media is crucial to providing accurate news and shaping public opinion.In China’s journalistic practice,the mainstream media must respond to the question of how to handle the difficulties in the new media environment.The idea of constructive journalism,which was developed in the West,is a new concept that attempts to alleviate the negative emotions of audiences,restore their faith in the media and increase the well-being of individuals and society,and provides a reference for the journalistic practice of mainstream media in China.Consequently,the purpose of this study is to experimentally evaluate the efficacy of constructive journalism in the Chinese context with the hope that it will serve as a guide for the practical implementation.This thesis is divided into two research parts and is conducted in a 2 × 2 × 2 experiment.The study designed experimental stimulus materials with different combinations of topic relevance(high relevance/low relevance),different reported affective validity(positive validity/negative validity)and whether to provide a solution(provide/not provide),and used university students enrolled in a major university in Shandong Province as research subjects to measure subjects’ individual feelings on different types of texts after reading.The 400 participants’ individual feelings in the dimensions of attitude and behavioral intention after reading different types of texts were measured.This thesis has two research sections and was designed as a 2×2×2 experiment.The study employed university students enrolled in a major university in Shandong Province as research subjects and designed experimental stimulus materials with various combinations of topic relevance(high relevance/low relevance),reported affective validity(positive validity/negative validity),and whether to provide a solution(supply/not supply).The goal of the study was to measure the respondents’ individual feelings on various types of texts.After reading the stimulus materials,the participants’individual feelings in the categories of attitude,and behavioral intention were examined.Through the above experimental design and data analysis,Study 1 answered the question of the role played by the two core elements of constructive journalism,namely positive emotions and solutions,in communication effectiveness;Study 2 answered the question of the differences in communication effectiveness between different ways of organizing information in terms of emotional validity,solution availability and topic relevance.The results of Study 1 show that:①Constructive news organized with positive emotions leads audiences to hold more positive attitudes towards the topic than messages containing negative emotions.However,lower behavioral intentions were shown at the online and pro-social behavioral intention levels.②Compared to messages that do not provide solutions,constructive news that supplies solutions does not show an advantage in terms of audience attitudes and behavioral intentions.The results of Study 2 show that:①Affective valence and topic relevance interact at the level of topic attitudes and online behavioral intentions,and positive valence has the best effect on improving the attitudes of low relevance audiences,while negative valence has the best effect on promoting online behavioral intentions of high relevance audiences;②Affective valence,solution availability and topic relevance interact at the level of online behavioral intentions and pro-social behavioral intentions.For high relevance audiences,online behavioral intentions are best communicated by positive valence,solution-free organization,and pro-social behavioral intentions are best promoted by messages that contain only positive valence or only solutions;for low relevance audiences,messages that do not contain any constructive news elements are most effective in stimulating online and pro-social behavioral intentions.The findings enrich the current knowledge of the effectiveness of constructive journalism in the Chinese context,and focus on the fact that the role of constructive journalism may be influenced by differences in audience groups,enriching and expanding the practical application of constructive journalism to a certain extent,and providing a reference and reference for constructive journalism practice in Chinese mainstream media.更多还原