【作者】 王涛；

【导师】 胡斌； 王辉；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 建筑学（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 神话-原型批评泛指从早期宗教现象入手探索和解释各类现象,特别是起源和发展的批评、研究倾向。本文从“神话-原型”批评角度对希伯来神话进行分析,总结出源自希伯来创世神话的圣所空间的原型,即“中心-边界”空间原型。结合历史文献与考古学的相关研究,分析出该原型历经自然象征、物质抽象再到建筑象征三个发展阶段并总结出耶路撒冷圣殿、犹太会堂、基督教堂三类建筑化的圣所空间的衍化关系。第一部分,探讨圣所空间的神话起源。从《圣经》文本、中东相关文明的神话文本与考古遗址中探寻早期基督教的宇宙观以建构空间原型。归纳出象征着天堂、人间、冥界三层空间的“中心-边界”空间原型。第二部分,分析“中心-边界”空间原型在自然象征、物质抽象、建筑象征的三个阶段转变。在神话思维时代,“中心-边界”空间原型向常见的自然物投映,表现出最初的宇宙山、宇宙树模型。随着原初之人意识的发展,宇宙山、宇宙树形象逐渐抽象,形成对立石、立杆等加工自然物崇拜。随后立石、立杆逐渐建筑化,最终形成了建筑化的圣所空间。在选择自然崇拜物、加工自然物或修建圣所空间时,人们通过重现神话中神的创世行为活模仿宇宙结构来赋予其神圣性。第三部分,从《圣经》文本、考古遗址与宗教物品着手分析耶路撒冷圣殿、犹太会堂与基督教堂的平面衍变。耶路撒冷圣殿直接承袭“中心-边界”空间原型,以至圣所象征天堂、圣所象征人神相交的花园、院落象征人间、铜海象征冥界。耶路撒冷圣殿被毁后,犹太会堂开始承担起圣所空间的功能,空间组合上有意向耶路撒冷圣殿靠拢,平面为模仿至圣所、圣所与院落三层空间的后殿、本堂与院落,通过后殿朝向耶路撒冷,使犹太会堂纳入到犹太宇宙模型中。基督教堂中获得神圣性的方式从重现创世转变为重现耶稣的牺牲,在选址上多以殉道者的墓构为神圣中心建造教堂。教堂突出耳堂的拉丁十字平面象征着耶稣的身体,同时利用巴西利卡,与墓构、院落一同组成后殿、本堂与院落三重空间。总的来说,本文以神话-原型批评为线索,以圣所空间为主要研究对象,在“中心-边界”空间原型的转化中,探讨圣所空间的神话起源与空间衍变,并尝试分析其变换中所蕴含的文化价值与精神意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Myth-archetypal criticism generally refers to the criticism and research tendency to explore and explain all kinds of phenomena from the early religious phenomena,especially the origin and development.The author analyzes the Christian Hebrew mythology from the perspective of mythology-archetype criticism,and summarizes the prototype of the sanctuary space derived from the Hebrew creation myth,that is,the "center-boundary" space prototype.Combined with the relevant research of historical literature and archaeology,this paper analyzes that the prototype has gone through three stages of development: natural symbol,material abstraction and architectural symbol,and summarizes the evolution relationship of Jerusalem temple,synagogue and Christian church space.The first part discusses the mythological origin of the sanctuary space.Explore the cosmology of early Christianity from the texts of the Bible,mythological texts and archaeological sites of relevant civilizations in the Middle East in order to construct a spatial prototype.This paper sums up the prototype of "center-boundary" space,which symbolizes the triple space of heaven,earth and underworld.The second part analyzes the transformation of the "center-boundary" space prototype in the three stages of natural symbol,material abstraction and architectural symbol.In the era of mythological thinking,the "center-boundary" space prototype is projected to common natural objects,showing the original cosmic mountain and cosmic tree model.With the development of the original human consciousness,the images of cosmic mountain and cosmic tree are gradually abstracted,forming the worship of processed natural objects such as opposite stones and upright poles.Then the standing stones and poles were gradually constructed,and finally the sanctuary space was formed.When choosing natural worship objects,processing natural objects or building sanctuary space,people give it sanctity by reproducing the creation behavior of God in mythology,and many metaphors are produced in this process.The third part analyzes the evolution of Jerusalem temple,synagogue and Christian church from the perspective of plane space and religious objects.The Temple of Jerusalem directly inherits the "center-boundary" space prototype,and even the sanctuary symbolizes heaven,the sanctuary symbolizes the garden of the intersection of human beings and gods,the courtyard symbolizes the world,and the copper sea symbolizes the underworld.After the destruction of the Jerusalem Temple,the synagogue began to assume the function of the sanctuary space.The space combination intended to move closer to the Jerusalem Temple.The plane was various variants of the triple space of the back Temple,this Hall and the courtyard,and the back Temple faced Jerusalem.Bring the synagogue into the Jewish cosmology.The way of obtaining sanctity in the Christian church has changed from the reappearance of creation to the reproduction of Jesus’ sacrifice,and the site is often built with the tomb structure of the martyrs as the sacred center.The Latin cross plane of the church protruding from the ear hall symbolizes the body of Jesus.At the same time,Basilica is used to form the triple space of the back hall,the hall and the courtyard with the tomb structure and courtyard.Generally speaking,taking the mythological-critical archetype as the clue and the early Christian sanctuary space as the main research object,this paper probes into the mythological origin and spatial evolution of the sanctuary space in the transformation of the "center-boundary" space archetype.and try to analyze the cultural value and spiritual significance contained in its transformation.更多还原