【作者】 张莹；

【导师】 胡大武；

【作者基本信息】 西南政法大学 ， 经济法学， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 新冠肺炎疫情的爆发给我国公共卫生体系和政府治理能力带来了巨大挑战。在疫中防控和疫后应对的过程中,既反映出我国在面对突发急性传染病处置经验上的不足,也暴露出社会保障领域社会补偿制度的缺失。突发公共卫生事件具有突发性、群体性和破坏性,会对个体生命健康安全乃至社会秩序构成重大威胁。但现行损害救济机制存在制度上的缺陷,致使事件中的受害者的损失难以得到适当的救济。突发公共卫生事件下的社会补偿制度是突发公共卫生事件造成的损害,在传统侵权损害赔偿制度及其他社会保障制度无法救济的情况下,基于社会连带理论,由社会共同体分摊其人身利益损失的一项社会保障制度,是社会补偿法制的组成部分。这一补偿机制在维护公共利益、降低社会损失、保护人民生命健康安全等方面发挥着重要作用。因此,为尽快恢复生产生活,确保每一位公民的生命健康安全能够得到充分保障,我国亟需构建起突发公共卫生事件下的社会补偿制度,以补偿公民因疫情而遭受的人身权益损失,从而推动社会分配变得更加公平,提高公民的安全感和获得感。本论文除引言和结语外,共分为四个部分。第一部分提出问题。以此次新冠肺炎疫情为典型,梳理出突发公共卫生事件损失救济中暴露出来的重点问题。第二部分对问题原因进行分析。指出现行损害救济制度在应对突发公共卫生事件中的制度困境,包括传统民事侵权损害赔偿制度归责原则的死板与局限,国家赔偿制度及行政补偿制度的适用限制,社会保险制度与社会救助制度请求权主体的有限性,以及临时性、碎片化政策调整引发现有法律规范稳定性与灵活性之间的矛盾。第三部分进行理论分析。阐述了构建突发公共卫生事件下社会补偿制度的法理基础,包括全球化背景下的风险社会理论、社会共同体理念下的社会连带理论以及社会契约视域下的国家责任理论。第四部分提出制度构建的可行性路径。即以维护社会公平为制度目标、以人为本为价值取向;采用基于结果责任的补偿原则和辅助性的损害填补原则;立法模式上采用分散立法与附属立法相结合,同时辅以政策法规,先行解决重大争议问题;以卫生与健康主管部门为补偿的责任主体,明确补偿对象为受到突发公共卫生事件影响,遭受生命、健康和基本生活等非财产损害的自然人及其遗属;补偿方式为金钱给付、实物及服务给付方式相结合,同时以原权利状态为补偿上限,以损失大小为尺度,以社会群体的普遍状态、平均状态为参照确立补偿标准。以期这些建议对构建我国突发公共卫生事件下的社会补偿制度有所裨益。更多还原

【Abstract】 The outbreak of Novel coronavirus pneumonia has brought great challenges to China’s public health system and government governance capacity.In the process of epidemic prevention and post-epidemic response,it not only reflected the lack of experience in dealing with sudden acute infectious diseases in China,but also exposed the lack of social compensation system in the field of social security.Public health emergencies are sudden,mass and destructive,which will pose a major threat to individual life,health,safety and even social order.However,there are institutional defects in the current damage relief mechanism,which makes it difficult for the victims to get proper relief for their losses.The social compensation system for public health emergencies is a kind of social security system and an integral part of the social compensation legal system.In the social compensation system,when the damage caused by public health emergencies can’t be remedied by the traditional tort compensation system and other social security systems,the social community shares the loss of personal interests based on the social joint theory.This compensation mechanism plays an important role in safeguarding public interests,reducing social losses and protecting people’s lives,health and safety.Therefore,in order to restore production and life as soon as possible,and ensure that every citizen’s life,health and safety can be fully guaranteed,it is urgent for our country to establish a social compensation system for public health emergencies to compensate for the loss of personal rights and interests suffered by citizens due to the pandemic,so as to promote social distribution to become fairer and improve citizens’ sense of security and gain.In addition to the introduction and conclusion,this thesis is divided into four parts.The first part raises questions.Taking the Novel coronavirus pneumonia pandemic as a typical example,this thesis sorts out the key problems exposed in the loss relief of public health emergencies.The second part analyzes the causes of the problems.It points out the institutional dilemma of the current damage relief system in dealing with public health emergencies,including the rigidity and limitation of the imputation principle of the traditional civil tort damage compensation system,the applicable limitation of the state compensation system and the administrative compensation system,the limitation of the subject of the social insurance system and the social assistance system,and the contradiction between the stability and flexibility of the existing legal norms caused by the temporary and fragmented policy adjustment.The third part is theoretical analysis.This thesis expounds the legal basis of constructing social compensation system for public health emergencies,including risk society theory under the background of globalization,social joint theory under the concept of social community,and state responsibility theory under the perspective of social contract.The fourth part puts forward the feasible path of system construction.Taking maintaining social equity as the institutional goal and people-oriented as the value orientation;Adopt the principle of compensation based on the responsibility of result and the principle of supplementary damage compensation;Adopt the combination of decentralized legislation and subsidiary legislation,supplemented by policies and regulations,to solve major disputes first;Take the health authorities as the main body responsible for compensation,and make it clear that the compensation objects are natural persons and their survivors who are affected by public health emergencies and suffer non-property damages such as life,health and basic life;The way of compensation is the combination of money payment,material goods and service payment.At the same time,the compensation standard is established with the original right status as the upper limit,the size of loss as the scale and the general and average status of social groups as the reference.These suggestions are expected to be beneficial to the construction of social compensation system for public health emergencies in China.更多还原