【作者】 李晨阳；

【导师】 赵敏；

【作者基本信息】 云南大学 ， 建筑与土木工程（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 水是生命之源、生产之要、生态之基。城市作为当今人类聚集密度最高的地区,其间的水人关系重要性突出。认识快速城镇化进程中地表水资源的时空特征和驱动机制对理解人地关系具有重要意义,尤其对落实以水四定为核心的城市人与自然和谐发展理念具有基础性指导价值。选取最能反映中国城镇化演变过程的区域—36个城市（直辖市/省会/计划单列市/自治区首府）为研究对象,基于Google Earth Engine（GEE）对研究区市域范围内（1990—2020年）的地表水体信息进行逐年提取,形成动态连续的时空数据集,并在此基础上,对城市地表水空间（Surface Water Area,SWA）的时空演变特征以及驱动因素进行分析,主要结论如下:（1）从时间变化特征看,30年来36个城市的季节性(S_SWA)、永久性(P_SWA)以及总和(T_SWA)均表现为增加趋势。T_SWA共增加了37.06×10²km²,其中S_SWA的贡献率达到76.93%。另外,从变化强度看,五年平均T_SWA、S_SWA和P_SWA均在提质扩容阶（2012—2020）,达到面积最大值;在城镇化快速发展阶段（2002—2011）,处于较低的水平;（2）从空间分布格局看,T_SWA、P_SWA的空间模式为聚集分布（Moran I=0.06/0.09）,而S_SWA为随机模式（Moran I=0.03）。其次,市域SWA、地均SWA和人均SWA的集中化指数分别为0.52、0.53、0.71,表现为依次增大的状态。三类城市地表水体的重心均位于河南省境内,但重心位置有所不同,S_SWA位于T_SWA的东北,P_SWA位居T_SWA的西南,在重心移动方向上均表现出向西北水资源短缺地区移动的规律;（3）从单个城市的SWA数值看,东部城市的SWA总和达到了5.38×10³km²,占全部SWA的34.69%。其中,武汉位居第一,西宁最小。通过回归方程观察城市SWA变化趋势,依据拟合优度,确定36个省会城市SWA的变化趋势:“S”型（12个）、直线型（11个）、“U”型（8个）和倒“U”型（5个）;（4）从驱动因素看,人口总数、固定资产投资以及人均道路面积,与地均SWA呈负相关,而建成区绿地率则与之成正相关。另外,随着城镇化阶段改变,人口总数的负影响开始减弱;固定资产投资与人均道路面积在大范围由负影响转为正影响,并且影响程度由东南地区向西北内陆逐渐减弱;而建成区绿化率的影响强度整体呈先增加后减少的趋势,影响强度由北方向南方逐渐递减;（5）从不同变化趋势城市的地理分布看,“S”型城市多分布在平原以及大江大河中下游地区,城市内有大型水面空间,它们决定城市SWA变化趋势;直线型则分布在高原丘陵以及大江大河上游,水资源相对匮乏;“U”型大多位于小型流域的上游,水资源最为贫乏,主要为线性水体;倒“U”型主要分布于近海低丘陵和小型流域下游,河流相对较多,能够修建数量相对较多的水库;（6）从典型城市的影响机制看,依据拟合优度选取北京、西安、成都和青岛作为四种变化趋势的代表,作为实例进行研究。结果发现,北京是大型水面主导,若干小型水面变化为辅,西安是依托线性水体,河湖库池多种类型共同作用,成都是小型水面主导,以现状水系打造各单独节点,青岛是面状水体为主,海陆接壤区变化明显。更多还原

【Abstract】 Water is the source of life,the essential of production,and the foundation of ecology.Cities are the areas with the highest concentration of human beings,and the relationship between water and people is of great importance.Understanding the temporal and spatial characteristics and driving mechanisms of surface water resources in the process of rapid urbanization is of great significance to understanding the relationship between man and land,especially for the implementation of the concept of harmonious development of urban man and nature with water as the core.Select the regions that can best reflect the evolution of China’s urbanization—36 cities（municipalities/provincial capitals/city/autonomous region capitals）as the research objects.The information of surface water bodies is extracted year by year to form a dynamic and continuous spatiotemporal data set.On this basis,the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and driving factors of urban surface water area（SWA）are analyzed.The main conclusions are as follows:（1）From the perspective of temporal change characteristics,the seasonal(S_SWA),permanent(P_SWA)and total(T_SWA)of 36 cities in the past 30 years have shown an increasing trend.T_SWA increased by a total of 37.06×10²km²,of which the contribution rate of S_SWA reached 76.93%.In addition,from the perspective of change intensity,the five-year average T_SWA,S_SWA and P_SWA are all in the stage of quality improvement and expansion（2012-2020）,reaching the maximum area;in the stage of rapid urbanization development（2002-2011）,they are at a lower level;（2）From the perspective of the spatial distribution pattern,the spatial pattern of T_SWA and P_SWA is a clustered distribution（Moran I=0.06/0.09）,while the S_SWA is a random pattern（Moran I=0.03）.Secondly,the concentration index of city area SWA,area average SWA and per capita SWA are 0.52,0.53,and 0.71,respectively,showing a state of increasing sequentially.The gravity centers of the three types of urban surface water bodies are all located in Henan Province,but the centers of gravity are different.SSWA is located in the northeast of T_SWA,P_SWA is located in the southwest of T_SWA,and the direction of the center of gravity movement shows the law of moving to the northwest water shortage areas;（3）From the SWA value of a single city,the total SWA of the eastern cities reached5.38×10³km²,accounting for 34.69%of the total SWA.Among them,Wuhan ranks first and Xining the smallest.The variation trend of urban SWA was observed through regression equation,and according to the goodness of fit,the variation trend of SWA in36 provincial capital cities was determined:"S"type（12）,linear（11）,"U"type（8）and Inverted"U"shape（5）;（4）From the perspective of driving factors,the total population,investment in fixed assets,and per capita road area are negatively correlated with the land average SWA,while the green space rate in the built-up area is positively correlated with it.In addition,as the stage of urbanization changes,the negative impact of the total population begins to weaken;fixed asset investment and per capita road area change from negative to positive in a wide range,and the degree of impact gradually weakens from the southeast to the northwest inland;The overall impact intensity of the greening rate in the district showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,and the impact intensity gradually decreased from the north to the south;（5）From the geographical distribution of cities with different changing trends,"S"-shaped cities are mostly distributed in the plains and the middle and lower reaches of large rivers,and there are large water surface spaces in the cities,which determine the changing trend of urban SWA;the linear type is distributed in the plateau,hills and the upper reaches of large rivers,and the water resources are relatively scarce;most of the"U"shapes are located in the upper reaches of small watersheds,where water resources are the most scarce,mainly linear water bodies;the inverted"U"shape is mainly distributed in the low hills and the lower reaches of small watersheds in the coastal waters.There are relatively many rivers,and a relatively large number of reservoirs can be built;（6）From the perspective of the influence mechanism of typical cities,according to the goodness of fit,Beijing,Xi’an,Chengdu and Qingdao are selected as the representatives of the four changing trends,and are studied as examples.The results show that Beijing is dominated by large water surfaces,supplemented by some small water surface changes,Xi’an is based on linear water bodies,and various types of rivers,lakes,reservoirs and ponds work together,Chengdu is dominated by small water surfaces,and individual nodes are created based on the current water system,and Qingdao is a planar water body.The water body is the main body,and the sea-land border area changes obviously.更多还原