【作者】 刘利；

【导师】 王谦；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 公共管理硕士（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 改革开放以来,随着政治、经济改革的不断深入,我国的社会结构、社会生活也发生了翻天覆地改变。成都市在这一变革的浪潮中,经济得到空前的发展,过去“单位制”的社会管理体制逐步被“社区制”所取代。党的“十八”大报告提出,要加强和创新社会管理,加强基层社会管理和服务体系建设,充分发挥群众参与社会管理的基础作用。2000年,政府明确社区居委会是群众性自治组织,社区建设概念也在全国范围内推开。但是,随着经济的发展和社会事务的不断增加,社区居民委员会出现“行政化”的困境,始终无法实现其自治的功能。为积极探索居民自治的有效方式,成都市探索将居民自治单元下沉到院落,取得了一定成效。但是随着城市化进程的加快,外来人口的大量进入、生活方式不断呈现多样性趋势,生活节奏不断加快,居民参与自治不足,特别是成都市中心城区老旧院落中,院落自治居民参与不足的情况特别突出。居民参与社区事务需要拥有一定的条件,如一定的时间、知识、能力、意识,同时也需要便捷有效的参与机制、参与渠道。党的“十九”大报告提出,要提高我们社会治理的智能化水平,就是针对我国当前信息的碎片化、条块化、人力和运行成本高、快速反应能力不足等问题给社会治理创新提出的新要求。从统筹推进“五位一体”总体布局和协调推进“四个全面”战略布局的高度,对社会治理问题进行了阐述,明确提出要打造共建共治共享的社会治理格局。社会治理不再是传统的政府自上而下的管理、唱“独角戏”,而是社会各个主体参与到社会治理中并发挥其作用。社会治理也不能仅仅停留在原来的方式,需要不断提升智能化水平,智慧社区概念应运而生。在多元主体参与下,运用智慧化手段为老旧院落自治居民参与不足的困境,一定程度上为居民自治参与的问题提供了解决方案。本文以成都市中心城区J街道辖区老旧院落为例,对此问题予以积极探索。笔者就职于成都市中心城区J街道,从事社区建设、社区治理相关工作近9年。本文的研究内容为,结合社会治理、公民参与等相关理论,以成都市中心城区J街道区域老旧院落为案例,通过分析其现状及目前院落自治中面临困境及其成因,提出了突破老旧院落自治的困境的若干对策。本文通过运用文献分析法对相关资料、文献、数据进行了大量的分析,通过问卷调查、实地研究法、非结构型访谈等方法对J街道辖区老旧院落进行问题诊断,最后提出有针对性的对策,解决一直以来老旧院落自治居民参与意识不足、参与能力低、参与率不高、参与深度广度不足、参与途径不足的问题。从而改善社区治理水平,提高便民惠民服务水平和小区院落的安全水平,提高居民幸福指数,促进社会和谐。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the reform and opening up,with the deepening of political and economic reform,China’s social structure and social life have also undergone earth-shaking changes.In this wave of reform,the economy of Chengdu has achieved unprecedented development,and the social management system of "unit system" has been gradually replaced by "community system".The report to the18 th CPC National Congress calls for strengthening and innovating social management,strengthening the system of social management and services at the community level,and giving full play to the basic role of the people in social management.In 2000,the government made it clear that neighborhood committees were self-governing organizations of a mass nature,and the concept of community building was promoted nationwide.However,with the development of economy and the continuous increase of social affairs,the community residents committee has been confronted with the dilemma of "administration" and has been unable to realize its autonomous function.In order to actively explore the effective way of residents’ autonomy,Chengdu explored to sink residents’ autonomous units into courtyards,and achieved certain results.However,with the acceleration of urbanization,a large number of non-native population are entering the city,the lifestyle is constantly showing a trend of diversity,and the pace of life is constantly speeding up.As a result,residents’ participation in the autonomy is insufficient,especially in the old courtyards in downtown Chengdu,the situation of residents’ participation in the autonomy is particularly prominent.Residents need to have certain conditions to participate in community affairs,such as certain time,knowledge,ability,consciousness,but also need convenient and effective participation mechanism and channels.According to the report of the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC),to improve the intelligence level of our social governance is a new requirement for social governance innovation in view of the current fragmentation and fragmentation of information in China,high manpower and operation costs,and insufficient rapid response capacity.From the perspective of advancing the "Five-sphere Integrated Plan" and the "Four-pronged Comprehensive Strategy" in a coordinated way,the paper elaborated on the issue of social governance and made it clear that we should build a social governance pattern featuring joint contribution,joint governance and shared benefits.Social governance is no longer the traditional top-down government management and "one-man show",but all social subjects participate in social governance and play their roles.Social governance should not only stay in the original way,but also constantly improve the level of intelligence.Such concepts as smart city and smart community come into being.With the participation of multiple subjects,it provides a solution to the dilemma of insufficient participation of autonomous residents in old courtyard by using intelligent means.This paper takes the old courtyards of J Street district in downtown Chengdu as an example to actively explore this problem.I work in J Street,downtown area of Chengdu,engaged in community construction and community governance related work for nearly 9 years.The research content of this paper is to combine the theory of new public management,social governance and other relevant theories,take the old courtyards in J Street area of Chengdu downtown area as a case,analyze its current situation,the dilemma faced by the courtyard autonomy and its causes,and put forward several countermeasures to break through the dilemma of the old courtyard autonomy.In this paper,through literature analysis,comparative analysis of relevant data,to a large number of literature,data analysis,through interview and questionnaire survey for problem diagnosis J street districts old courtyard,finally proposed targeted countermeasures to solve the old courtyard have been insufficient autonomy residents participation,participation ability is low,the participation rate is not high,insufficient participation in depth breadth,the problem of insufficient participation way.In order to improve the level of community governance,improve the convenience and benefit of the people service level and the safety level of the community yard,improve the happiness index of residents,promote social harmony.更多还原