【作者】 高林；

【导师】 袁芮；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 社会工作， 2021， 硕士

【副题名】基于社会资本理论的阐述

【摘要】 2020年我国实现全面脱贫,乡村振兴已成为乡村发展的主旋律。着力夯实乡村振兴的基层治理基础,就是要全面推进乡村治理体系和治理能力现代化。社会工作作为基层治理的重要抓手,“三社联动”治理体系的重要主体之一,在回应村民需求、培育社区凝聚力、提高社区参与、促进乡村自治与发展等方面发挥着关键作用。本研究引入社会资本理论作为研究框架,以社会工作对乡村居民社区参与的作用为研究主题,以10家社会工作机构对村社区持续9个月的干预行动为研究对象,采用混合研究方法搜集数据。本研究使用单个案实验法,通过问卷调查对比干预前后村民的社会资本和社区参与水平,并结合访谈资料和参与式观察对干预成效进行阐述。问卷调查采用户内抽样,共收回300份问卷,有效问卷280份。运用计量分析软件SPSS 25.0和Amos 24.0对问卷信效度进行了检验,对社区社会资本和社区参与状况进行了描述性统计,同时对社区信任、社区归属感、社区凝聚力和社区参与进行了配对样本T检验和多元回归分析。研究发现,第一,实施干预前,乡村居民的社区参与水平普遍较低。通过访谈资料和基线调查结果,本文从国家-社区-个体三个层面分析总结出以下原因:1.国家层面是基层政府信任危机;2.社区层面是社区人力资本流失和传统价值观消解、社区参与机制不健全、社会工作的社会认可度有限;3.个体层面是村民社区参与意识和能力不足。此外,需求调查还发现,村民需求主要集中在公共基础设施建设、人居环境治理、产业增收、生活消费、闲置资源活化、自组织赋能、弱势群体关怀这7个方面;社会工作机构需求主要集中在前期与社区的关系建立、社区支持、自组织培育方法、自身能力建设这4个方面。第二,研究根据上述社区参与状况与社区需求制定如下干预步骤:激发村民参与内生动力—培育发展自治组织—项目化社区公共问题—社区内生性项目治理—实现可持续性发展,并通过这一路径达到培育社区社会资本,提高村民社区参与的作用。第三,实施干预后,研究采用配对样本T检验判断社会工作干预前后对村民社区参与的影响,结果显示社会工作干预前后村民的社区参与水平在0.05显著性水平下呈现差异,对社区信任1-社区信任2=（M±SD=-0.39±0.61）、社区归属感1-社区归属感2=（M±SD=-0.71±0.47）、社区凝聚力1-社区凝聚力2=（M±SD=-0.11±0.41）、社区参与1-社区参与2=（M±SD=-0.10±0.38）的前后均值比较发现,社会工作干预后的社区参与水平高于社会工作干预前,说明社会工作干预行动对提高村民参与水平具有显著的正向作用。由于不同性别村民的社区参与水平具有显著差异,进一步分层回归分析发现,社区信任、社区归属感、社区凝聚力和性别能共同解释社区参与变化的49.2%,回归方程为Y（社区参与）=0.046X₁（社区信任）+0.053X₂（社区归属感）+0.636X₃（社区凝聚力）+0.042X₄（性别）。最后,本文总结了可以有效提高村民社区参与的干预路径,即社会工作通过培育社区社会资本,重塑乡村“熟人社会”,营造乡村良好社会风尚,唤醒村民的主体意识,以社区公共事务项目治理为依托,通过“需求瞄准—问题识别—自组织培育—赋权式参与—注重可持续发展”等路径,达到改善社区关系、调动居民参与积极性、增强社区社会资本,逐步推动社区实现可持续发展的良性互动过程。更多还原

【Abstract】 In 2020,China has alleviated absolute poverty,and Rural Revitalization becomes a national strategy.To strengthen the basic governance foundation of rural revitalization,we should comprehensively promote the modernization of rural governance system and governance capacity.Social work,as an important grasp of grass-roots governance,is one of the important subjects of the"three-legged"social governance system,which plays a very important role in responding to the needs of villagers,cultivating community cohesion,improving community participation,promoting rural autonomy and development.This study introduces the theory of social capital as the research framework,takes the role of social work on community participation of rural residents as the research theme,and takes the intervention action of 10 social work institutions in the village community lasting for 9 months as the research object,using the mixed research method to collect data.This study uses the single case experiment method to compare the social capital and community participation level of villagers before and after the intervention through questionnaire survey,and expounds the intervention effect combined with interview data and participatory observation.The questionnaire survey adopted indoor sampling,a total of 300 questionnaires,280 valid questionnaires.SPSS 25.0 and Amos 24.0 were used to test the reliability and validity of the questionnaire.Descriptive statistics were made on community social capital and community participation.Paired sample t-test and multiple regression analysis were conducted on community trust,community belonging,community cohesion and community participation.Firstly,before the intervention,the level of community participation of rural residents is generally low.Through the interview data and baseline survey results,this paper analyzes and summarizes the following reasons from three levels:1.The national level is the trust crisis of grass-roots government;2.The community level is the loss of community human capital and the digestion of traditional values;3.The individual level is the lack of awareness and ability of villagers’community participation.In addition,the demand survey also found that the villagers’demand mainly concentrated in public infrastructure construction,human settlement environment governance,industrial income increase,living consumption,idle resources activation,self-organization empowerment,vulnerable groups care;the social work institutions’demand mainly concentrated in the previous relationship with the community,community support,self-organization cultivation methods,self-capacity-building aspect.Secondly,according to the above situation of community participation and community needs,the following intervention steps are formulated:stimulate the endogenous power of villagers’Participation-cultivate and develop autonomous organizations-project community public issues-Community endogenous Project Governance-achieve sustainable development,and through this path to cultivate community social capital and improve the role of villagers’community participation.Third,after the implementation of the intervention,paired sample t-test was used to determine the impact of social work intervention on Villagers’community participation.The results showed that the level of villagers’community participation before and after the social work intervention was significantly different at the level of 0.05,with community trust 1-community trust 2=（M±SD=-0.39±0.61）,community belonging 1-community belonging 2=（m±SD=-0.71±0.47）,and community trust 2=（m±SD=-0.39±0.61）Cohesion 1-community cohesion 2=（m±SD=-0.11±0.41）,community participation 1-community participation 2=（m±SD=-0.10±0.38）before and after the average comparison found that the level of community participation after social work intervention was higher than that before social work intervention,indicating that social work intervention has a significant positive effect on improving the level of villagers’participation.Due to the significant difference in the level of community participation between different genders,further hierarchical regression analysis found that community trust,community belonging,community cohesion and gender can jointly explain 49.2%of the change of community participation.The regression equation is y（community participation）=0.046x₁（community trust）+0.053x₂（community belonging）+0.636x₃（community cohesion）+0.042x₄（gender）.Finally,this paper summarizes the intervention path that can effectively improve the villagers’community participation,that is,social work through the cultivation of community social capital,reshape the rural"acquaintance society",create a good rural social fashion,awaken the villagers’subjective consciousness,relying on the micro project management of community public affairs,through the micro project management"Demand targeting problem identification self-organization cultivation empowerment participation focus on sustainable development"and other paths,to improve community relations,mobilize the enthusiasm of residents to participate,enhance community social capital,and gradually promote the community to achieve sustainable development of benign interaction process.更多还原