【作者】 张楠；

【导师】 马睿；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 汉语国际教育， 2021， 硕士

【副题名】以美国华裔家庭喜剧《初来乍到》为例

【摘要】 模因论(memetics)是理查德·道金斯提出的解释文化进化规律的理论,在布莱克摩尔的深化下该理论体系发展趋于成熟。在中国,模因论的理论研究在语言学和语言教学领域成果颇多,但在对外汉语教学中的应用研究仍有欠缺。美国华裔家庭喜剧《初来乍到》是第一部聚焦华裔家庭生活的美国电视剧,在美剧领域中具有里程碑式的意义。《初来乍到》中的台词内容丰富、言语幽默、中文对白简练且可复制性强。剧集从布景到题材无处不见中国元素,剧情围绕华裔主人公的跨文化生活,将矛盾集中于生活中的中美文化冲突。剧集中有大量中文对白,字幕也体现着汉语语言的特点,结合语境的字幕翻译利用了大量成语、流行语、典故等地道的汉语表达。这些文化内容和语言内容在复制与传播的过程中体现了模因的特点,存在着语言模因和文化模因现象,具有极高的观赏性、探讨空间和教学价值。本论文在介绍模因论的基础上,着重分析了《初来乍到》中的语言模因和文化模因现象,将影视素材《初来乍到》作为教学素材,应用在对外汉语教学中。利用模因论对对外汉语教学的指导作用,通过对具体教学内容的分析与教学设计,讨论将蕴含文化模因和语言模因的影视素材应用到对外汉语教学实践中的方法。本研究希望能够丰富对外汉语利用影视素材教学实践,扩大影视教学材料库,提高教学效率,优化汉语学习者的课堂学习体验。本论文分为六个部分:绪论介绍了选题背景、研究意义、相关研究综述、理论基础和研究方法、研究思路。第一章介绍模因论的基本问题,简述文化模因和语言模因的定义、表现形式和特点。并结合第二语言习得理论和对外汉语教学的特殊性,论述模因论应用于对外汉语教学的有效性。第二章从模因论的视角出发,结合《初来乍到》的基本情况和特点,分析了《初来乍到》作为影视素材应用于对外汉语教学中的优越性。通过理论与实例的对照,说明《初来乍到》中的各要素具备成为模因的条件,从而论证作为语言模因和文化模因的集合体,《初来乍到》极具研究潜力和教学价值,适合作为影视素材应用于对外汉语教学中。第三章通过对美国华裔家庭喜剧《初来乍到》前三季剧集内容的梳理,从模因论角度,解析其中具有教学价值的语言模因和文化模因,同时剖析《初来乍到》中误用的模因,阐释其教学价值。第四章基于前三章的分析,得出模因论对运用影视素材开展教学的启示。从理论启示和具体教学指导两方面入手,提炼出四个原则和原则指导下的教学过程和课堂操练方法。最后结合理论与实践指导,以《初来乍到》第一季第十三集为例进行教学设计。结语总结全文,阐释了本论文在运用影视素材进行对外汉语教学中引入模因论视角对对外汉语教学的帮助和拓展,并合理提出本论文创新点与不足,并对未来研究提出个人建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Memetics is a new theory that explains the laws of cultural evolution based on Darwin’s theory of evolution.The first proponent of "memes" is Richard Dawkins.His student Blackmore deepened the research of understanding of this concept.The development of the theoretical system of memetic theory tends to mature.In China,the theoretical research and application of memetics is still in its beginning,and most research results and applications are concentrated in the fields of linguistics and language teaching.The Chinese American family comedy "Fresh Off the Boat" is the first American TV series focusing on the life of a Chinese family,and has a milestone significance in the field of American drama.The lines in "Fresh Off the Boat" are rich in content,humorous,and the Chinese dialogue is concise and reproducible.The Chinese elements that can be seen everywhere in the series,the cultural conflict between the East and the West that are concentrated on the Chinese main character,the Chinese dialogue,the idioms and allegorical words in the subtitle translation,and the Internet buzzwords,etc.,reflect the characteristics of memes in the process of copying and disseminating.Therefore,there are linguistic memes and cultural memes in "Fresh Off the Boat",and there is a high degree of appreciation,space for discussion and the value of teaching.Based on the introduction of memetic theory,this thesis focuses on the analysis of language memes and cultural memes in "Fresh Off the Boat",Use “Fresh Off the Boat” as the teaching material in the practice of teaching Chinese as a second language.Trying through discussion about specific teaching content and teaching design apply memetics to the practice of using a film and television resource in teaching Chinese as a second language,while enriching the theory of teaching Chinese as a second language,it extends classroom teaching practice,expands the library of film and television teaching materials,improves teaching efficiency,and optimizes the classroom learning experience of Chinese learners.This paper is divided into six parts:The introduction part introduces the reason for the topic selection and research significance,related research summary,the theoretical basis and research methods used in this thesis,and the research ideas of this thesis.The first chapter introduces memetics.Simply explain the definition,expression form,formation stage,characteristics.On this basis,combined with the second language acquisition theory and the particularity of teaching Chinese as a second language,this part discusses the effectiveness of the application of memetics in teaching Chinese as a second language.The second chapter starts from the perspective of memetic theory,combined with the background introduction and characteristics of the American Chinese-American family comedy "Fresh Off the Boat",and analyzing the superiority of "Fresh Off the Boat" as a film and television resource in foreign Chinese classrooms.Through the comparison of theories and examples,I find the characteristics of the element memes in "Fresh Off the Boat",which shows that as a collection of language memes and cultural memes,"Fresh Off the Boat" has great research potential and is suitable for becoming a film and television teaching material for teaching Chinese as a second language.In the third chapter through analyzing the three seasons of the American Chinese family comedy "First Coming",analyzes the language elements and cultural elements from the perspective of memetic theory,and confirms typical language and cultural memes.From the three aspects of the language,themes,and subtitles of the drama,the memes that are worthy of being placed in classroom teaching are analyzed and classified.At the same time,discuss the misused memes in Fresh Off the Boat and explain their teaching value.The fourth chapter,based on the analysis of the first three chapters,concludes the inspiration of memetics for teaching using film and television materials.From two aspects of theoretical inspiration and concrete teaching guidance,summed up four principles and principles under the guidance of the teaching process and classroom practice methods.Finally,with the guidance of theory and practice,the teaching design is carried out by taking the 13 th episode of the first season of "Fresh Off the Boat" as an example.The concluding part is the research summary of the full text.This part explains the help and expansion of the memetics perspective introduced in the application of film and television materials in teaching Chinese as a second language.And reasonably put forward the innovative points and shortcomings of this paper,and put forward personal suggestions for future research.更多还原