【作者】 韦珊珊；

【导师】 陈海兰；

【作者基本信息】 广西大学 ， 兽医硕士（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 口蹄疫、猪瘟、高致病性禽流感和新城疫是我国明确规定的一类疫病,也是国际OIE明确规定必须通报的动物疫病。这些疫病一旦传播,可引起动物大面积死亡,严重威胁我国养殖业健康发展。对畜禽强制进行疫苗免疫,是目前预防这些疫病的主要手段。由于多种因素均会影响疫苗免疫效果,因此对疫苗免疫效果的及时评估,不仅对疫苗筛选和免疫程序制定有指导意义,也可对动物疫病进行预警,避免重大疫病的发生,对维护公共卫生安全和促进养殖业的健康发展均具有重要意义。为了评估2018-2019年广西宾阳县口蹄疫、猪瘟、高致病性禽流感和新城疫的疫苗免疫效果,共采集1205份鸡、450份猪、300份牛和574份鸭的血清样品,采用正向间接血凝试验检测O型口蹄疫和猪瘟疫苗的免疫抗体水平,通过血凝和血凝抑制试验检测高致病性禽流感和新城疫疫苗的免疫抗体水平。依据国家农业农村部对于群体免疫抗体合格率应维持在70%以上的要求,对检测结果进行全面分析,评估这四种疫苗的免疫效果。结果如下:(1)2018-2019年间,宾阳县口蹄疫总体合格率分别为88.4%和95.2%,平均合格率为91.8%,符合国家农业农村部要求。(2)2018年,宾阳县猪瘟抗体总体合格率为95.7%,符合国家农业农村部要求;由于非洲猪瘟疫情影响,为避免人员流动给养殖场带来生物安全威胁,2019年未对全县生猪进行猪血清采样和抗体检测。(3)2018-2019年间,宾阳县鸡高致病性禽流感H5亚型抗体合格率分别为82.4%和97.7%,高致病性禽流感H7亚型抗体合格率分别为90.9%和97.7%,鸭高致病性禽流感H5亚型抗体合格率分别为66.3%和96.4%,高致病性禽流感H7亚型抗体合格率分别为66.0%和94.6%,鸡H5亚型禽流感平均合格率为90.1%,鸡H7亚型禽流感平均合格率为94.3%,鸭禽流感H5亚型抗体平均合格率为81.35%,鸭禽流感H7亚型抗体平均合格率为80.3%。除2018年鸭高致病性禽流感H5亚型抗体水平未达到国家标准外,其他高致病性禽流感抗体水平合格率均符合要求。(4)2018-2019年间,宾阳县新城疫抗体合格率分别为97.4%和98.7%,平均合格率为98.05%,符合国家农业农村部标准。以上结果表明,宾阳县2018-2019年间,口蹄疫、猪瘟、高致病性禽流感和新城疫等疫病免疫效果良好,除2018年鸭高致病性禽流感H5亚型外,其他疫病免疫抗体水平均符合国家农业农村部的要求。继续加强动物疫病免疫监测工作,对保障宾阳县畜禽养殖业健康发展和公共卫生安全具有重要意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Foot-and-mouth disease(FMD),classical swine fever(CSF),highly pathogenic avian influenza(HPAI)and Newcastle disease(ND)belong to the defined first class disease in China.They are also animal disease that must be notified according to the rules released by the World Organization for Animal Health(OIE).Once spread,these epidemics can cause large-scale animal deaths,seriously threatening the healthy development of China’s aquaculture industry.Compulsory vaccination of livestock and poultry is the main means to prevent these diseases.As various factors can affect the immune effect of these vaccines,timely evaluation of the vaccine immune effect not only has guiding significance for vaccine screening and immunization program development,but also provide early warning of animal diseases to avoid the occurrence of major epidemics.It is also of great significance for public health safety maintaining and the healthy development of animal breeding industry.In order to evaluate the vaccine immunization effects of FMD,CSFV,HPAI and ND in Binyang of Guangxi in form 2018 to 2019,serum sample were collected from 1205 chickens,450 pigs,300 cattle and 574 ducks.The positive indirect hemagglutination test was used to detect the levels of antibodies against type O FMD virus(FMDV)and CSF virus(CSFV),and the hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition test was used to detect the level of antibodies against HPAI virus(HP-AVI)and ND virus(NDV)in chickens and ducks.The test results were analyzed and the vaccine immunization effect was evaluated according to the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs’ requirement that the qualified rate of antibody should be higher or equal to 70%.The results are as follows:(1)From 2018 to 2019,the passing rate of FMD vaccine antibody in Binyang was 88.4% and 95.2%,respectively,with an average passing rate of91.8%.These results met the standards of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs.(2)In 2018,the qualified rate of CSF vaccine antibody in Binyang was95.7%,meeting the requirement of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs.Due to the impact of the African swine fever epidemic in 2019,pig serum samples were not collected and sent for detection in order to prevent the movement of people to pose biosecurity threat to the pig farms.(3)From 2018 to 2019,the antibody qualified rates of H5 subtype HPAI in chicken was 82.4% and 97.7%,respectively.The passing rate of H7 subtype HPAI in chicken was 90.9% and 97.7%,respectively.Regarding to Duck,the eligible rate of H5 subtype HPAI was 66.3% and 96.4%,respectively,and those of H7 subtype HPAI was 66.0% and 94.6%,respectively.The average qualified rate of H5 subtype and H7 subtype HPAI in chicken was 90.1% and 94.3%,respectively.The average passing rate for H5 subtype and H7 subtype HPAI in duck was 81.35% and 80.3%,respectively.Except for the H5 subtype HPAI in ducks in 2018,the qualification rates of all HPAI vaccine antibody levels met the requirements of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs.(4)From 2018 to 2019,the qualified rates of antibodies against ND in Binyang were 97.4% and 98.7%,respectively,with an average passing rate of98.05%.The above results showed that during 2018-2019 in Binyang,the immune effects of FMD,CSF,HPAI and ND were good.Except the H5 subtype of HPAI in duck at 2018,the vaccine immune antibodies of all tested epidemics met the requirements of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs.Continue to strengthen the animal disease immunization and surveillance is of great significance for for the maintenance of public health safety and for the healthy development of breeding industry in Binyang.更多还原