【作者】 王栋；

【导师】 付彤；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 农业硕士（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验旨在研究育肥期荷斯坦公牛饲喂5～6 cm、1.5～2 cm及0.6～0.8 cm长度的花生秧,对其生长性能、养分消化率、瘤胃发酵及瘤胃微生物区系的影响。共进行以下三个试验:试验一:不同长度花生秧对荷斯坦公牛生长性能的影响。选择出生日龄和体重相近的36头荷斯坦公牛,平均体重533±7.41 kg,随机分成三组,每组设3个重复,每个重复4头牛。长花生秧组(LPV):饲喂以5～6 cm花生秧为主的日粮。中花生秧组(MPV):饲喂以1.5～2 cm花生秧为主的日粮。短花生秧组(GPV):饲喂以0.6～0.8cm花生秧为主的日粮。试验日粮由花生秧、精料补充料和玉米青贮饲料构成。在试验期的第30天和60天对试验牛称重并记录试验期间每天的采食量。结果表明,第一阶段末,GPV组平均日增重显著高于LPV组(P<0.05),MPV组平均日增重与其他两组无显著差异(P>0.05);GPV组平均日采食量极显著高于LPV组(P<0.01),MPV组平均日采食量显著高于LPV组(P<0.05),GPV组与MPV组之间无显著差异(P>0.05);LPV组料重比极显著高于MPV组和GPV组(P<0.01),MPV组极显著高于GPV组(P<0.01)。第二阶段末,GPV组平均日采食量显著高于LPV组(P<0.05)。三组之间平均日增重无显著差异(P>0.05)。整个试验阶段,GPV组平均日增重极显著高于LPV组(P<0.01)并显著高于MPV组(P<0.05),MPV组平均日增重显著高于LPV组(P<0.05);GPV组平均日采食量显著高于LPV组(P<0.05);LPV组料重比极显著高于GPV组(P<0.01),MPV组显著高于GPV组(P<0.05)。试验二:不同长度花生秧对荷斯坦公牛养分表观消化率的影响。试验设计和饲料组成同试验一。在整个实验最后阶段连续采集三天的日粮和粪便样品,并测定养分的表观消化率。结果表明:GPV组EE、NDF、ADF及GE的表观消化率上显著高于LPV组(P<0.05);GPV组CP的表观消化率上显著高于MPV组(P<0.05);三组之间的DM、OM、Ca和P表观消化率均无显著差异(P>0.05)。试验三:不同长度花生秧对荷斯坦公牛瘤胃发酵和微生物区系的影响。试验设计和饲料组成同试验一,在试验第60天采集瘤胃液检测瘤胃发酵指标和微生物区系。结果表明:三组之间的瘤胃液pH值无显著差异(P>0.05);GPV组的氨态氮含量显著低于LPV组和MPV组(P<0.05),LPV组和MPV组之间的氨态氮含量无显著差异(P>0.05);GPV组总酸和乙酸的含量均显著低于LPV组和MPV组(P<0.05);GPV组和MPV组的丁酸含量显著低于LPV组(P<0.05),GPV组和MPV组之间的丁酸含量无显著差异(P>0.05);三组之间的丙酸含量和乙丙比均无显著差异(P>0.05);GPV组瘤胃微生物菌群的丰度极显著低于LPV组和MPV组(P<0.01),在门水平上,LPV组Bacteroidetes(拟杆菌门)丰度显著高于GPV组(P<0.05);LPV组Proteobacteria(变形菌门)丰度显著低于GPV组(P<0.05);LPV组Tenericutes(柔膜菌门)丰度显著高于GPV组和MPV组(P<0.05),而GPV组和MPV组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。在属水平上,LPV组succiniclasticum(琥珀酸弧菌属)丰度显著高于MPV组(P<0.05);LPV组瘤胃的 uncultured_bacterium_f_Bacteroidales_RF16_group 丰度极显著高于 GPV 组和 MPV组(P<0.01);GPV 组 uncultured bacterium_f_Bacteroidales_RF16_group 丰度极显著高于MPV 组(P<0.01);MPV 组uncultured_bacterium_f_F082(瘤胃球菌属)及Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214__group(疣微菌属_NK4A214-_group)丰度显著高于 LPV 组(P<0.05);而MPV组uncultured_bacterium_f_F082(瘤胃球菌属)丰度极显著高于GPV组(P<0.01)。综上所述:饲喂0.6～0.8cm长度的花生秧能够提高荷斯坦公牛的日采食量、平均日增重,提高粗脂肪、粗纤维及能量的表观消化率,并影响瘤胃发酵及瘤胃微生物丰度及门、属水平菌群等。更多还原

【Abstract】 The purpose of this experiment is to study the effects of peanut seedlings of 5-6 cm,1.5-2 cm and 0.6-0.8 cm in length on Holstein bulls during the fattening period,on their growth performance,nutrient digestibility,rumen fermentation and rumen microflora.The following three tests were carried out:Experiment 1:The effect of peanut seedlings of different lengths on the growth performance of Holstein bulls.Thirty-six Holstein bulls with similar birth age and weight were selected,with an average weight of 533 ± 7.41 kg,and randomly divided into three groups,with 3 replicates in each group,and 4 cattle in each replicate.Long-stem peanut seedling group(LPV):fed with a diet based on 5-6 cm peanut seedlings.Mid-stem peanut seedling group(MPV):fed with 1.5～2 cm peanut seedlings as the main diet.Short-stem Peanut Seedling Group(GPV):Feed the diet mainly with 0.6～0.8cm peanut seedlings.The test diet consisted of peanut seedlings,supplements of concentrate and corn silage.The test cattle were weighed on the 30th and 60th day of the test period and the daily feed intake during the test period was recorded.The results showed that at the end of the first stage,the average daily weight gain of the GPV group was significantly higher than that of the LPV group(P<0.05),and the average daily weight gain of the MPV group was not significantly different from the other two groups(P>0.05);the average daily food intake of the GPV group The average daily feed intake of the MPV group was significantly higher than that of the LPV group(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference between the GPV group and the MPV group(P>0.05);the LPV group feed The weight ratio was extremely significantly higher than that of the MPV group and GPV group(P<0.01),and the MPV group was extremely significantly higher than that of the GPV group(P<0.01).At the end of the second stage,the average daily feed intake of the GPV group was significantly higher than that of the LPV group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the average daily gain between the three groups(P>0.05).Throughout the experimental period,the average daily weight gain of the GPV group was significantly higher than that of the LPV group(P<0.01)and significantly higher than that of the MPV group(P<0.05).The average daily weight gain of the MPV group was significantly higher than that of the LPV group(P<0.05);The average daily feed intake of the GPV group was significantly higher than that of the LPV group(P<0.05);the feed-to-weight ratio of the LPV group was extremely significantly higher than that of the GPV group(P<0.01),and the MPV group was significantly higher than that of the GPV group(P<0.05).Experiment 2:The effect of peanut seedlings of different lengths on the apparent digestibility of Holstein bulls.The experiment design and feed composition are the same as Experiment 1.In the final stage of the experiment,three consecutive days of ration and fecal samples were collected,and the apparent digestibility of nutrients was measured.The results showed that the apparent digestibility of EE,NDF,ADF and GE in the GPV group was significantly higher than that of the LPV group(P<0.05);the apparent digestibility of CP in the GPV group was significantly higher than that of the MPV group(P<0.05);three There were no significant differences in the apparent digestibility of DM,OM,Ca and P between the groups(P>0.05).Experiment 3:The effect of peanut seedlings of different lengths on the rumen fermentation and microbial flora of Holstein bulls.The experiment design and feed composition were the same as Experiment 1.Rumen fluid was collected on the 60th day of the experiment to detect rumen fermentation indicators and microbial flora.The results showed that there was no significant difference in the pH value of the rumen juice between the three groups(P>0.05);the ammonia nitrogen content of the GPV group was significantly lower than that of the LPV group and the MPV group(P<0.05),and the difference between the LPV group and the MPV group There was no significant difference in the content of ammonia nitrogen(P>0.05);the contents of total acid and acetic acid in the GPV group were significantly lower than those in the LPV and MPV groups(P<0.05);the butyric acid content in the GPV and MPV groups was significantly lower than that in the LPV group(P<0.05),there was no significant difference in butyric acid content between GPV group and MPV group(P>0.05);there was no significant difference in propionic acid content and ethylene-propylene ratio between the three groups(P>0.05);GPV group The abundance of rumen microflora was significantly lower than that of LPV group and MPV group(P<0.01).At the phylum level,the abundance of Bacteroidetes(Bacteroidetes)in LPV group was significantly higher than that of GPV group(P<0.05);LPV group The abundance of Proteobacteria was significantly lower than that of the GPV group(P<0.05);the abundance of Tenericutes in the LPV group was significantly higher than that of the GPV and MPV groups(P<0.05),while the GPV and MPV groups The difference between them is not significant(P>0.05).At the genus level,the abundance of succiniclasticum in the LPV group was significantly higher than that in the MPV group(P<0.05);the abundance of uncultured_bacterium_f_Bacteroidales_RF16_group in the rumen of the LPV group was extremely significantly higher than that of the GPV and MPV groups(P<0.01);The abundance of uncultured_bacterium_f_Bacteroidales_RF16_group in the GPV group was significantly higher than that in the MPV group(P<0.01);the abundance of uncultured_bacterium_f_F082(Ruminococcus)and Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group(Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214-_group)in the MPV group was significantly higher than that in the LPV group(P<0.05);The abundance of uncultured_bacterium_f_F082(rumenococcus)in the MPV group was significantly higher than that in the GPV group(P<0.01).In summary:Feeding peanut seedlings with a length of 0.6～0.8cm can increase the daily feed intake and average daily gain of Holstein bulls,increase the apparent digestibility of crude fat,crude fiber and energy,and affect rumen fermentation and Rumen microbial abundance,phylum and genus horizontal flora,etc.更多还原