现代汉语疑问型招呼语系列研究

【作者】 陈怡；

【导师】 张蕾；

【作者基本信息】 上海师范大学 ， 语言学及应用语言学， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以现代汉语疑问型招呼语作为研究对象,是围绕着语言的寒暄功能展开的探索性研究,旨在通过对具体语言现象的描写刻画与语用功能的分析,以构拟出疑问型招呼语的系统研究雏形。招呼语起源于人类学家对新几内亚东部岛民的考察。20世纪80年代起,随着跨文化交际热潮,对招呼语的语言学研究初见于中外文化差异的讨论中。招呼语负载着重要的交际功能,是语言六大功能之一的寒暄语的下位概念,在不同文化背景中,也是人际交往中初遇时必不可少的语言形式。现代汉语中,尤以疑问型招呼语最为有特色,一方面,对传统招呼语的重新阐释有助于反映社会在语言上的共变;另一方面,随着web 2.0时代的到来,现实社区的招呼语迁移至新的平台,使其呈现出了不同的面貌和特色,丰富了招呼语的语义内涵,同时拓展了其运用的范围和方式。本文在会话分析、关联理论、顺应论、社会学权势量等理论的基础上,结合具体的语言事实,以语法、语义、语用三个维度,通过个案与整体相结合的方式,对现代汉语疑问型招呼语进行定量和定性分析。在绪论中,我们系统梳理了招呼语的研究现状,厘清了汉语招呼语的研究既需考量共时的语言形式、特征,也要从历时中寻找其作为招呼语的发展演变,并确定了现代汉语疑问型招呼语作为研究对象。正文分为两大部分,四个章节。第一部分即第一章,我们在已有的招呼语研究基础上,对疑问型招呼语的性质判定、分类以及特征作出进一步阐述,初步建立起了研究框架。第二部分是第二到第四章,基于疑问句内部的不同形式特征,我们分别选取传统招呼语“吃了吗”、“去哪儿”以及分布在虚拟社交平台的“在吗”作为个案进行考察与分析。第二章以“吃了吗”的历时演变为重心,并结合关联理论阐释,分析其历时与共时层面的发展特点;第三章重点呈现了“去哪儿”的互动特征,并从重音分布、句法特征以及问答模式上给出其进一步作为招呼语的判定;第四章通过对“在吗”的成分分析和分布情况的考察,联系虚拟社区平台特点,归纳其语用功能和会话策略。在结语部分,我们总结了本文主要的结论与观点,并指出了本文尚且存在的不足。学界对疑问型招呼语的研究成果大多散见于招呼语综合研究中,对本文的研究起到了奠基的作用。在前贤的基础上,本文为疑问型招呼语做出了明确的界定;并结合形式、内容、适用平台等不同层面选取有代表性的疑问型招呼语进行分析,填补了个案研究的空白。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper takes modern Chinese interrogative greetings as the object of study.It is an exploratory study centering on phatic functions of Language,and aims to draw up a systematic research prototype of interrogative greetings through the portrayal of specific linguistic phenomena and the analysis of linguistic functions.The greeting language originated from anthropologists’ study of the islanders in eastern New Guinea.The linguistic study of the greetings was first seen in the discussion of the cultural differences between China and foreign countries in the1980 s with the boom of cross-cultural communication.Greetings is loaded with important communicative functions and is the subordinate concept of one of the six functions of language,namely,phatic communion,and is also an essential linguistic form for first encounters in interpersonal communication in different cultures.On the one hand,the reinterpretation of traditional greetings can help reflect the linguistic changes in society;on the other hand,with the advent of the web 2.0 era,the greetings of the real community have been migrated to new platforms,giving them a different appearance and characteristics,enriching the semantic connotation of greetings,and expanding their scope and ways of use.Based on theories such as conversation analysis,association theory,conformity theory,and sociological power quantity,this study combines specific linguistic facts with three dimensions: syntax,semantics,and pragmatics,and analyzes modern Chinese interrogative greetings quantitatively and qualitatively through a combination of individual cases and the whole.In the introduction,we systematically sort out the current situation of greetings research,clarify that the study of Chinese greetings needs to consider both the linguistic forms and features of the common time and the evolution of its development as a greeting from the calendar time,and identify modern Chinese interrogative greetings as the research object.The main text is divided into two main parts and four chapters.In the first part,the first chapter,we further elaborate on the nature,classification,and characteristics of interrogative greetings based on existing studies of greetings,and establish a preliminary research framework.In the second part,chapters 2 to 4,based on the different forms and characteristics of interrogative sentence category,we respectively select "Zai ma",which are distributed in virtual social platforms,as well as traditional greetings,"Chi le ma" and "where are you going",which are the traditional ones,as cases to investigates and analyzes.In chapter 2,we analyze the components and distribution of "Zai ma" and summarize its discourse function and conversation strategy in relation to the characteristics of the virtual community platform;in chapter 3,we focus on the temporal evolution of "Chi le ma" and combines it with the interpretation of association theory to analyze its synchronic and diachronic features.Chapter 4focuses on presenting the interactive features of "where are you going",and further determines it as a greeting in terms of stress distribution,syntactic features and question-answer patterns.In the concluding section,we summarize the main conclusions and ideas of this paper,and point out the remaining shortcomings of this paper.Most of the scholarly research results on interrogative greetings are scattered in the comprehensive studies of greetings,which play a fundamental role in the study of this paper.On the basis of the previous studies,this paper provides a clear definition of interrogative greetings;it also fills the gap of case studies by selecting representative cases for research in different aspects such as form,content and application platform.更多还原