【作者】 王玲；

【导师】 朱玉知；

【作者基本信息】 南京工业大学 ， 行政管理， 2022， 硕士

【副题名】以南京市Y社区为例

【摘要】 在全球化发展的影响下,社会风险呈现出普遍性、延展性和高危性等特征。在长期的灾难应对中,国际组织和世界各国越来越意识到可以从社区层面进行关口前移、未雨绸缪,也都纷纷积极探索合适的社区减灾模式。随着减灾理念逐步深入人心,我国也相继出台了一些社区减灾的重要政策。在此背景下,民政部下发关于“减灾示范社区”标准的通知,正式拉开了我国创建综合减灾示范社区的序幕。从各地创建的实际情况来看,这项政策取得了一定的效果,但是与理想目标还存在不小的差距。针对以上问题,学者们大多集中在应对社区灾害的策略性研究,学者从政策执行角度的实证分析较少,而且针对社区防灾减灾的研究也比较少,这也为本文的研究提供了契机。为了弥补既有研究缺乏对创建全国综合减灾示范社区政策的关注,本文采用米特—霍恩模型作为理论分析框架,选取南京市Y社区作为研究对象,对街道和社区内的工作人员、物业管理人员以及居民进行实地访谈。在调查过程中发现,Y社区的减灾工作取得了不错的成效,但还是存在一些较为明显的问题:象征性执行、选择性执行、机械化执行、观望性执行等,使得执行效果偏离了原来的政策目标。经由米特—霍恩模型分析产生这些问题的原因在于政策标准缺乏详细界定、政策资源匮乏、组织协同不畅、系统环境不协调、政策执行者认知偏差等方面;为了增强社区整体的防灾减灾能力,建议可以从细化政策标准、拓宽资源渠道、推动综合减灾联动共享、优化系统环境、提高执行的减灾意愿等方面改善执行效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 Under the influence of the development of globalization,social risks show the characteristics of universality,extensibility and high-risk.In the long-term disaster response,international organizations and countries all over the world are also more and more aware that they can move forward from the community level,prevent and reduce disaster,and actively explore appropriate community disaster reduction models.With the concept of disaster reduction gradually rooted in the hearts of the people,China has also issued some important policies for community disaster reduction.In this context,the Ministry of Civil Affairs issued a notice on the standard of "disaster reduction demonstration community",which officially opened the prelude to the establishment of comprehensive disaster reduction demonstration community in China.Judging from the actual situation of local governments,this policy has achieved certain results,but there is still a big gap with the ideal goal.In view of the above problems,scholars mostly focus on the strategic research of coping with community disasters,and there are few studies.Few scholars empirically analyze the problems from the perspective of policy implementation,which also provides an opportunity for this research.In order to make up for the lack of attention to the establishment of comprehensive disaster reduction demonstration community policy in the existing research,this article selects the Horn-Meter model as the theoretical analysis framework.The implementation logic of mitt horn system model is highly consistent with the top-down implementation mode of "policy centered" in China.Its clear structural paradigm and technical route have good applicability and explanatory power for studying the differences between the preset objectives of policy and the effect of policy implementation.Then,y community in Nanjing is selected as the research object.As one of many demonstration disaster reduction communities,y community has always been the benchmark of Nanjing "safe community",which is typical and representative.During the field investigation,it is found that the disaster reduction work of Y community has achieved good results,but there are still some obvious problems: symbolic implementation,selective implementation,mechanized implementation,etc.,which makes the implementation effect deviate from the original policy objectives.Through the analysis of Horn-Meter model,the reasons for these problems lie in the lack of detailed definition of policy standards,lack of policy resources,poor organizational coordination,uncoordinated system environment,cognitive bias of policy executors and so on;In order to enhance the overall disaster prevention and reduction capacity of the community,it is suggested that the implementation effect can be improved from the aspects of refining policy standards,broadening resource channels,promoting the linkage and sharing of comprehensive disaster reduction,optimizing the system environment and improving the willingness of implementation.更多还原