【作者】 李明；

【导师】 赵闯；

【作者基本信息】 大连海事大学 ， 公共管理， 2021， 硕士

【副题名】以中央环保督察典型案例为例

【摘要】 近年来,我国水体环境恶化严重,不论是河流、湖泊、海洋等流域性水环境还是地下水质环境都遭遇了巨大挑战,同时也影响着人类的生存与社会发展,破坏了生态系统的稳定性。不管在工业、农业还是生活方面,相比世界发达国家,我们的淡水资源使用效率都很低。人类赖以生存的淡水资源包括浅层的地下水、河流水以及淡水湖泊水,其中淡水湖泊占据着重要的地位。淡水湖泊是河湖重要的组成部分,是人类重要的饮水资源,也丰富了动植物稀少资源,同时也是我国维持良好生态环境的重要保护屏障,不论是对人类还是自然界都发挥着不可替代的作用,是人类与自然界共同的生存之基和生命之源。对此,选取淡水湖泊的环境治理作为研究对象不论是对人类自身还是生态环境都有着重要意义。本文在总结、参考前人对水环境治理的研究成果基础上,探索出了新的研究路径,在以往大部分都是以横向的府际关系视角去研究水环境治理时,本文结合委托—代理理论、府际关系理论和环境治理理论,采用纵向的府际关系也即央地关系视角进行分析。通过环保督察典型案例体现的实际问题,以央地关系视角从权责、利益、目标及政策等四个维度构建了层层递进的逻辑思路,发现央地政府在淡水湖泊的环境治理过程中存在涉水事权及支出责任划分不明确、治湖利益诉求存在差异化、治理动机不统一以及湖泊治理政策落实阻滞等问题,主要由于权力配置结构不合理、地方个体理性与中央集体理性相冲突、采取治理行为的动机不统一、政策执行呈现随意化所导致,进而通过明确央地淡水湖泊环境治理权责关系:促进央地涉水事权与支出责任相匹配、完善纵向治理权力结构配置及职责分配、明确职能部门职责边界关系,调和央地利益关系:协调央地利益关系以激发地方政府湖泊治理积极性、调整地方政府利益格局、寻找央地治湖利益重合空间,理顺央地治湖目标关系:协调央地湖泊治理目标、完善淡水湖泊目标考核制度、构建淡水湖泊环境治理目标任务体系,协同湖泊政策执行关系:加大对地方政府政策执行的监管力量、央地关系法治化为政策执行提供保障、完善激励制度为政策执行提供动力、强化央地信息对流为提高政策效能权威奠定基础等手段,力求为我国的淡水湖泊环境治理提出具有合理性和可行性的对策和建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years,China’s water environment has been deteriorating seriously.Both the river,lake,ocean and other basin water environment and groundwater quality environment have encountered great challenges.At the same time,it also affects human survival and social development,and destroys the stability of the ecosystem.No matter in industry,agriculture or life,compared with the developed countries in the world,the utilization efficiency of our freshwater resources is very low.Freshwater resources for human survival include shallow groundwater,river water and freshwater lake water,among which freshwater lake plays an important role.Freshwater lake is an important part of rivers and lakes.It is an important drinking water resource for human beings.It also enriches the rare resources of animals and plants.At the same time,it is also an important protective barrier to maintain a good ecological environment in China.It plays an irreplaceable role in both human and nature.It is the common survival foundation and source of life for human and nature.In this regard,it is of great significance to select the environmental governance of freshwater lakes as the research object,both for human beings and the ecological environment.On the basis of summarizing and referring to the previous research results of water environment governance,this paper explores a new research path.In the past,most of the researches were conducted from the perspective of horizontal intergovernmental relations.This paper combines the principal-agent theory,intergovernmental relations theory and environmental governance theory,and uses the perspective of vertical intergovernmental relations,that is,central local relations.From the perspective of the relationship between central government and local government,the paper constructs a progressive logical thinking from the four dimensions of rights and responsibilities,interests,objectives and policies through the practical problems reflected in typical cases of environmental protection supervision.It is found that the central and local governments have some problems in the process of environmental governance of freshwater lakes,such as unclear division of water related rights and expenditure responsibilities,different demands for Lake governance interests,and so on The main reasons for these problems are the unreasonable power allocation structure,the conflict between local individual rationality and central collective rationality,the disunity of governance motivation,and the randomness of policy implementation,Then,through clarifying the power and responsibility relationship of central and local freshwater lake environmental governance:promoting the matching of central and local water related power and expenditure responsibility,improving the vertical governance power structure configuration and responsibility allocation,clarifying the responsibility boundary relationship of functional departments,and harmonizing the central and local interest relationship: coordinating the central and local interest relationship to stimulate the local government’s enthusiasm for Lake governance,adjust the interest pattern of local government,strengthen the coordination of the central and local interest relationship To find the overlapping space of the interests of the central government and the local government in Lake governance,we need to straighten out the target relationship of the central government and the local government in Lake Governance: coordinate the target of the central government and the local government in Lake governance,improve the assessment system of the target of freshwater lakes,build the target task system of the environmental governance of freshwater lakes,and coordinate the relationship of Lake policy implementation: strengthen the supervision of the local government in policy implementation,legalize the relationship between the central government and the local government to provide guarantee for policy implementation,strengthen the supervision of the To improve the incentive system to provide power for policy implementation,strengthen the information flow between the central and local governments,and lay the foundation for improving the efficiency and authority of policy,and strive to put forward reasonable and feasible countermeasures and suggestions for the environmental governance of freshwater lakes in China.更多还原