【作者】 吴迪；

【导师】 王培军；

【作者基本信息】 上海大学 ， 中国古典文献学， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 清朝末年,列強入侵,災害頻仍,民生日窘,中國封建王朝已呈現出不可逆轉的傾倒之勢。寶廷作爲晚清時期的重要人物,於政界及文壇皆產生了深刻的時代影響。光緒年間,寶廷應慈禧太后“廣開言路”之風順勢而起,以直諫聞名朝野,與張之洞、陳寶琛、張佩綸等晚清名臣一同被目爲“清流”,官至二品禮部右侍郎及正黃旗副都統。其於同治十二年癸酉(1873)及光緒八年壬午(1882)兩次主持鄉試後,所取夏震武、林紓、鄭孝胥、陳衍、康詠、高鳳岐、方家澍等門生,亦皆爲晚清名士。然光緒八年壬午(1882),寶廷卻因典試途中納江山船女汪氏而自劾罷官,從此以山水詩酒終其身。這是其個人的偶然事件,但因其特殊身份及朝堂動蕩,這一事件便歷來被視爲“清流”勢力由盛轉衰的轉折點。文學方面,寶廷一生刻意爲詩,自訂《偶齋詩草》三十六卷二千四百餘首詩,以“合聖人詩教”爲標準分爲內集八卷,外集八卷,內次集十卷,外次集十卷。內容涉及山水紀遊、民生時政、交遊唱和等多個方面。其詩歌“和平沖淡,自寫天機”,被推爲“晚清八旗第一詩人”。寶廷生平大致可以分爲以下三個階段:第一階段爲道光二十年庚子(1840)一歲至同治六年丁卯(1867)二十八歲,這一階段爲寶廷入仕前的青少年時期。青少年時期,寶廷時常同親友徜徉於北京西山,並於同治二年癸亥(1863)同二十餘位好友創立滿漢詩人交融的“日下聯吟社”。第二階段爲同治七年戊辰(1868)二十九歲至光緒八年壬午(1883)四十三歲,這一階段爲寶廷仕宦時期。七年戊辰(1868),寶廷中進士,十年辛未(1871),授七品編修,往後十餘年,歷任從五品侍讀、從四品侍讀學士、正三品詹事府詹事、正二品禮部右侍郎及正黃旗蒙古副都統等,仕途可謂一路直上,直至光緒八年壬午(1883)十二月,寶廷於典福建鄉試歸途中,因納江山船女汪氏上疏自劾,仕宦生涯戛然而止。第三階段爲光緒九年癸未(1883)四十四歲至光緒十六年庚寅(1890)五十一歲,這一階段爲寶廷罷官閑居時期。九年癸未(1883)正月,朝廷正式下旨革職,此後,寶廷以山水與學術伴其餘生。本文擬在廣泛搜集各項資料基礎上,以年譜的形式,力求全面地展現晚清暗流涌动的政治与社会背景下的宝廷面貌。更多还原

【Abstract】 At the end of the Qing Dynasty,with the invasion of foreign powers,frequent disasters and daily embarrassment of people’s livelihood,China’s feudal dynasties have shown an irreversible trend of dumping.As an important figure in the late Qing Dynasty,Bao Ting left a deep mark of the times in politics and literature.During the reign of emperor Guang Xu,Bao Ting rose in response to the trend of Empress Dowager Cixi’s "open speech",and was famous for his direct advice.Together with famous officials of the late Qing Dynasty,such as Zhang Zhidong,Chen Baochen and Zhang Peilun,Bao Ting was regarded as "Qing-liu",and the official was the Deputy capital of the second grade yellow flag.Xia Zhenwu,Lin Shu,Zheng Xiaoxu,Chen Yan,Kang Yong,Gao Fengqi and Fang Jiashu were also famous scholars in the late Qing Dynasty.However,at the noon of the eighth year of Guangxu,Bao Ting impeached and dismissed himself because he accepted the women of rivers and mountains on the way of the code test.From then on,he ended his life with landscape poetry and wine.This was his personal accident,however,due to its special identity and the turbulence of the court,this event has always been regarded as the turning point of the "Qing-liu" force from prosperity to decline.In terms of literature,Bao Ting deliberately wrote poems all his life.He customized more than2400 poems in 36 volumes,according to the standard of "combining sage’s poetry teaching",it is divided into eight volumes of internal collection,eight volumes of external collection,ten volumes of internal sub collection and ten volumes of external sub collection.Covering many aspects,such as landscape travel,people’s livelihood and current politics,making friends and singing.His poem "peace dilution,self writing secret",was promoted as "the first poet of the Eight Banners in the late Qing Dynasty".Bao Ting’s life can be roughly divided into the following three stages:The first stage is from the age of gengzi(1840)in the 20 th year of Daoguang to the age of Ding Mao(1867)in the 6th year of Tongzhi.This stage is the youth period before Bao Ting became an official.In his youth,Bao Ting often wandered around the Western Hills of Beijing with his relatives and friends.In the second year of Tongzhi,Guihai(1863)and more than 20 friends founded the "joint chanting society" of Manchu and Han poets.The second stage is from the age of 29 in the seventh year of tongzhi(1868)to 43 in the eighth year of Guangxu(1883).This stage is the official period of Bao Ting.In the seventh year of Wuchen(1868),Bao Ting was a scholar in the middle school,and in the tenth year of Xinwei(1871),he was awarded seven grades of editing.In the next ten years,he successively served as a waiter from the fifth grade,a bachelor from the fourth grade,a Chamberlain from the zhengsanpin Chamberlain’s office,a right Chamberlain from the zhengerpin ritual department and a Mongolian Deputy capital of zhenghuang banner.His official career was straight until December of the eighth year of Guangxu(1883),Bao Ting was impeached on his way back from the provincial examination in Fujian,and his official career came to an abrupt end.The third stage is from the 44 year old Gui Wei(1883)in the ninth year of Guangxu to the51 year old Geng Yin(1890)in the sixteenth year of Guangxu.This stage is the period of Bao Ting’s dismissal and idleness.In the first month of the ninth year of Gui Wei(1883),the imperial court officially ordered the dismissal.Since then,Bao Ting spent the rest of his life with landscape and scholarship.Based on the extensive collection of various materials and in the form of chronology,this paper tries to fully show the image of Bao Ting under the political and social background of undercurrent surging in the late Qing Dynasty.更多还原