【作者】 张秀华；

【导师】 董辉；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 教育硕士（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【副题名】以危机管理为视角

【摘要】 2020年,突如其来的新冠疫情冲击全球,严重影响人们正常的生活。马来西亚全国学校因为疫情的影响而实施“停课不停学”的政策,学校在很仓促的情况下必须将上课模式改为线上教学,教学的转变引发不同的教育危机。通过这次疫情中的教学变革,线上教学种种不可预测的问题及教学面对的危机是学校必须重视及在短时间内需要解决的。华文独立中学(简称独中)是马来西亚特有的教育体制,由于是民办教育,在办学上有一定的自主权,在应对疫情下线上教学和危机管理的处理有一定的自主性策略。在此基础上,K中学在疫情开始时即对线上教学进行探讨,包括线上教学平台的选择、课表的考量、上课模式的改变等,并在最短的时间内稳定学校的师生们,以此减少教学危机的冲击。对于线上教学所面对的挑战及危机,K中学力求做好沟通,大家群策群力,从教学管理看待问题,保障教学工作顺利进行。本研究通过文献研究,以线上教学及危机管理理论为基础,通过对K中学行政主任、科主任、班主任和科任老师的访谈,收集他们所面对的挑战及危机的资料,进行分析及研究,从中,也透过教学平台功能嵌入线上教学环境,观察师生对线上教学的实况,作为线上教学的研究。管理学危机管理4R理论中的缩减(Reduction)、预备(Readiness)、反应(Response)、恢复(Recovery)四个维度,可协助及分析K中学在疫情下线上教学过程中的危机管理处理模式。本研究从K中学线上教学的现况探讨师生所面对的问题及原因,从危机管理的视角切入,其中包括外在环境的网络问题、电子设备问题及网络信息技术问题,以及内在师生面对的心理压力、学生自主学习等问题,学生的诚信问题、成长滞后及退学等问题。最后,研究整理出线上教学的问题及所面对的危机,通过学习借鉴国内外采取的措施以及从管理的角度分析其中存在的问题和影响因素,研究梳理出的建议为:(1)落实弹性变通的行政策略(2)强化多元评价的教学方法(3)引导学生走向自主学习(4)推动积极有效的亲师沟通(5)加强线上教学的诚信教育及情感教育(6)把危机转念为契机(7)营造终身学习的学习氛围。疫情带来的教育危机亦是契机,冀望更多的教育工作者对线上教学进行更多层面的研究,同时,为马来西亚华文独中投入正面和积极的教育改革,并提升危机管理教育的重要性。更多还原

【Abstract】 In 2020,a sudden outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic hit the world severely and affected people’s lives.Schools across Malaysia implemented a “Suspending Classes without Stopping Learning” policy initiative.All schools had to switch to online teaching and learning mode in haste,trying to cope with unpredictable challenges ahead.As part of the private educational institutions,Chinese Independent Schools enjoy a certain degree of autonomy in terms of operation and hence could have autonomous strategies in handling online teaching and crisis management in response to the pandemic.Based on this,K High School explored online teaching at the beginning of the pandemic,including the selection of online teaching platforms,consideration of class schedules,and changes in class formats,they tried to provide stability to the teachers and students in the shortest time to reduce the impact of the teaching crisis.Furthermore,in response to the challenges and crises of online teaching,K High School strives to ensure effective communication and collaboration within and across teams and view challenges encountered from a perspective of teaching management to ensure the smooth running of teaching.This study is based on online teaching and crisis management theory through literature research.By conducting interviews with the administrative department,heads of department,form teachers,and subject teachers of K High School,information on the challenges and crises encountered was amassed,analysis and studies were carried out accordingly.Online class observations were conducted to review the class situation,which will be included as part of the study on online teaching.The four dimensions of the 4Rs theory under crisis management:Reduction,Readiness,Response,and Recovery,are helpful for understanding and analysing the emergency measures taken for online teaching during the pandemic.This study analyses the current situation of online teaching in K High School from the perspective of crisis management to explore the problems faced by the teachers and students and the reasons behind them,which include external problems like network connection,electronic devices,and network information technology;as well as internal problems like psychological stress faced by the teachers and students,students’autonomous learning and then extending to the students’integrity issues,developmental delay,and withdrawal from school.Finally,the study has collated the problems and crises of online teaching.By learning from the measures taken at home and abroad,analysing the problems and influencing factors from the perspective of management,the study sorted out the following suggestions:(1)implement flexible administrative strategies and explore feasible strategies for improvements(2)enhance the teaching methods for multiple assessments(3)guide the students towards autonomous learning(4)promote positive and effective parent-teacher communication(5)strengthen integrity education and emotional education in online teaching(6)online teaching allows teachers to turn crises into opportunities(7)create a lifelong learning culture.The educational crisis posed by the pandemic is also an opportunity for more educators to study various aspects of online teaching,invest in positive and active educational reforms for Malaysian Chinese independent schools,and focus more on crisis management in education.更多还原