【作者】 王硕；

【导师】 王琳； 刘海军；

【作者基本信息】 河北大学 ， 法律硕士（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 现代型诉讼案件的大量出现导致民事诉讼领域证据偏在问题严重、非法取证现象频发,使当事人主义模式的弊端不断显现,在此情形下越来越多的学者开始思考民事诉讼模式由当事人主义向协同主义的转换问题,文书提出命令制度受到越来越多的关注。基于武器平等原则、诚实信用原则、证明妨害理论以及事案解明义务理论的文书提出命令制度能够使法院、诉讼双方当事人形成一个统一体,共同推动案件事实真相的查明,缓解民事诉讼领域的证据偏在问题,促进司法公平正义。笔者通过对德国、日本、韩国、我国台湾地区文书提出命令制度的申请条件、审查处理、客体范围、违反后果等内容进行考察,提出我国可以将该制度纳入《民事诉讼法》、健全其申请与审查程序的建议。在我国文书提出命令制度的司法适用中,以合同纠纷、劳动争议、侵权责任纠纷案件为主,法院依职权适用现象较为突出,该制度可实现与鉴定、审计等程序的有效结合,当事人所申请的文书客体主要包括账务凭证、合同、工资表、协议,在法庭质证及辩论环节,申请人主要通过复印件、证人证言、被申请人承认的方式证明文书存在、为对方当事人控制,人民法院多以申请人无法证明书证为对方当事人控制、书证对待证事实的查明无必要、未在举证期限届满前提出书面申请为理由对该申请不予批准。由于我国现有文书提出命令制度未能将案外第三人纳入主体范围之中,未赋予被申请人享有所持文书涉密涉私等情形下的拒绝权,因此部分人民法院在以上两种情形中对该制度的适用可能会产生混乱。为使我国文书提出命令制度进一步完善,笔者基于我国文书提出命令制度的司法适用现状,提出可以通过引入释明权完善该制度的启动方式,通过完善立法以及公布一系列指导性案例统一该制度的适用标准,通过《民事诉讼法》将被申请人范围扩大至案外第三人,通过设置非公开审理程序及文书特定协力程序充实该制度运行程序的建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 The emergence of a large number of modern litigation cases leads to the serious problem of evidence bias in the field of civil litigation and the frequent occurrence of illegal evidence collection,which makes the disadvantages of the adversary model appear constantly.In this case,more and more scholars begin to think about the transformation of the civil litigation model from the adversary to the synergism,and the order for production of documents system has attracted more and more attention.Based on the principle of equality of arms,the principle of good faith,the theory of obstruction of proof and the theory of the obligation to clarify the case,the document proposed order system can make the court and both parties form a unity,jointly promote the investigation of the truth of the case,alleviate the evidence bias in the field of civil litigation,and promote the realization of judicial fairness and justice.By investigating the application conditions,examination and handling,object scope and consequences of violation of the order for production of documents system in Germany,Japan,South Korea and Chinese Taiwan,the author puts forward some suggestions that China can incorporate the system into the civil procedure law and improve its application and examination procedures.In the judicial application of China’s order for production of documents system,contract disputes,labor disputes and tort liability disputes are the main cases.The phenomenon of ex officio application by the court is more prominent,which can realize the effective combination with appraisal,audit and other procedures.The object of the document applied by the parties mainly includes accounting vouchers,contracts,payroll and agreements,cross examination and debate in the court,The applicant mainly proves the existence and control of the documents by means of copies,witness testimony and the respondent’s recognition.The people’s court often refuses to approve the application on the grounds that the applicant cannot prove that the documentary evidence is controlled by the other party,that the documentary evidence is unnecessary to find out the facts of the documentary evidence,and that it has not submitted a written application before the expiration of the time limit for giving evidence.Because the existing the order for production of documents system in China fails to include the third party outside the case into the scope of the subject,and does not give the respondent the right of refusal in the case of confidential and private documents,some people’s courts may have confusion in the application of the system in the above two cases.In order to further improve the order for production of documents system in China,based on the current situation of judicial application of the order for production of documents system in China,the author puts forward that the starting mode of the system can be improved by introducing the right of interpretation,unifying the application standard of the system by improving legislation and publishing a series of guiding cases,and expanding the scope of the respondent to the third party outside the case through the civil procedure law,By giving the respondent the right to refuse,setting up closed trial procedures and document specific procedures,this paper enriches the suggestions on the operation procedures of the system.更多还原