【作者】 王艳；

【导师】 刘莹；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨师范大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 多米尼加裔美国作家朱诺·迪亚斯是美国当代拉美裔文学界的新秀。他凭借自己的首部长篇小说《奥斯卡·瓦奥短暂而奇妙的一生》一举成名,荣获2008年普利策奖,并入选纽约图书馆“会被永远铭记的书”。该作品通过讲述德莱昂家族祖孙三代人的历史,填补了特鲁希略独裁统治下的历史空白,挑战了独裁者话语的官方历史。本文从新历史主义的角度对小说进行解读,旨在探讨文本与历史的互动关系,以及迪亚斯对多米尼加特鲁希略独裁统治时期的观点和历史书写。本论文由六部分组成。绪论部分简要介绍了作家朱诺·迪亚斯的生平和《奥斯卡·瓦奥短暂而奇妙的一生》的主要内容,梳理和归纳了国内外对迪亚斯该部作品的研究现状,并阐述了论文的结构框架。正文部分由四个章节组成。第一章为理论基础,介绍了新历史主义理论的起源及其发展,梳理了两位主要代表人物的理论观点:路易斯·蒙特罗斯的文本的历史性和历史的文本性;斯蒂芬·格林布拉特的颠覆、抑制与协合的涵义。第二章论述了“文本的历史性”在《奥斯卡·瓦奥短暂而奇妙的一生中》的体现。该章再现了多米尼加社会当时的各种史实,殖民国家的控制和掠夺,政府的独裁统治,进而反映了特鲁希略残暴的独裁统治对人民身体和精神上的摧残和迫害,并进一步阐明了多米尼加的历史对迪亚斯文本创作的影响。第三章关注了小说中“历史的文本性”,探析了迪亚斯的历史书写策略。通过聚焦边缘人物的故事来解构和颠覆官方历史。迪亚斯塑造了三位处于不同地位的边缘人物,处于多米尼加上流社会的反抗者外科医生阿拉贝德、缺少多米尼加男性气质而被歧视的奥斯卡以及处于父权社会下追求自由和平等的勇敢女性洛拉。通过讲述一个家庭三代人的历史来映射出拉丁裔美国人几十年的苦难历史以及生存困境。最后,本章还解析了迪亚斯通过多重的叙事策略解构历史,既运用叙事视角的转换,互文性和多米尼加本土元素将历史文本化。第四章主要探讨了边缘人物对主流统治意识形态的反抗,但同时又不可避免地受到主流统治意识形态的压制,在“颠覆”与“遏制”的动态关系中,最终妥协于主流统治意识形态,即无论是男性还是女性都受到了父权统治意识的压迫和白人至上观念的歧视。最后,围绕协合分析了以奥斯卡和洛拉为代表的边缘人物是如何在种族之间走向融合之路,在两性之间走向和谐之路。最后是论文的结语部分,对新历史主义在《奥斯卡·瓦奥短暂而奇妙的一生》中的体现进行了总结,呼吁人们正视历史,关注这些被主流所掩盖的声音。总之,本文试图从新历史主义角度对《奥斯卡·瓦奥短暂而奇妙的一生》进行解读,印证了文本与历史之间的互文关系。这部作品重现并且重构了多米尼加人民的苦难史,展现了迪亚斯作为拉丁裔美国作家对黑人历史以及种族问题的深思,同时也唤起读者对边缘人物生存困境的关照。更多还原

【Abstract】 Dominican-American author Junot Díaz is a rising star in contemporary American Latino literature.He rises to fame with his first full-length novel,The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao,which win the 2008 Pulitzer Prize and is selected as one of the New York Librarys “Books to be Remembered Forever”.The work fills the historical void of the Trujillo dictatorship and challenges the official history of the dictator’s discourse by telling the history of three generations of the De Leon family.This thesis interprets the novel from the perspective of New Historicism,aiming to explore the interactive relationship between text and history,as well as Díaz’s perspective and historical writing on the period of Trujillo’s dictatorship in the Dominican Republic.This thesis is divided into six parts.The introduction briefly introduces the life of the writer Díaz and the main contents of The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao,analyzes and summarizes the research on this work of Díaz at home and abroad,and elaborates the thesis statement.The main body is composed of four chapters.Chapter one is about the theoretical foundation,introducing the origin and development of the New Historicism theory,and elucidating the theoretical views of two major representatives: Louis Montrose’s the historicity of text and the textuality of history;and Stephen Greenblatt’s subversion,containment and negotiation.Chapter two focuses on the representation of “the historicity of the text” in The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao.This chapter reproduces various historical facts about Dominican society at the time,including the control and plunder of the colonial power and the dictatorship of the government,which clearly reflects the physical and mental destruction and persecution of the people by Trujillo’s brutal dictatorship,and further illuminates the influence of Dominican history on the creation of Díaz’s text.Charter three analyzes the“textuality of history” in the novel and explores Díaz’s strategy of writing history.By focusing on the stories of marginal characters,he deconstructs and subverts official history.Díaz creates three marginal characters in different positions: Abelard,a rebellious surgeon in the Dominican upper class;Oscar,who is discriminated against because of his lack of Dominican masculinity;and Lola,a courageous woman who seeks freedom and equality in a patriarchal society.By telling the history of three generations of the De Leon family,it maps out the decades of suffering and the plight of Latino-Americans.Finally,this chapter also analyzes Díaz’s deconstruction of history through multiple narrative strategies,employing shifts in narrative perspective,intertextuality and the native elements of Dominica to textualize history.Chapter four explores how the marginalized characters resist the dominant ideology,but at the same time is inevitably suppressed by the dominant ideology,and finally compromise with the dominant ideology in the dynamic relationship between “subversion” and“containment”,that is,both men and women are oppressed by the patriarchal consciousness and discriminated against by the white supremacy.Furthermore,it analyzes how the marginalized characters,represented by Oscar and Lola,move towards integration between races and harmony between genders with negotiation.The last part is the conclusion of the thesis.It summarizes the embodiment of New Historicism in The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao,calling for people to face up to history and pay attention to these voices that have been overshadowed by the mainstream.In brief,this thesis tries to interpret The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao from the perspective of New Historicism,confirming the intertextual relationship between text and history.This work recreates and reconstructs the history of the suffering of the Dominican people,showing Díaz’s deep thoughts on black history and racial issues as a Latino-American writer,and also evoking readers’ concern for the plight of marginalized people.更多还原