【作者】 王芳；

【导师】 朱蓓予；

【作者基本信息】 宁夏大学 ， 法律硕士（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 完善离婚诉讼中未成年子女权益的程序保障有利于维护离婚诉讼的司法程序正义和未成年子女的合法权益。我国近年来离婚率逐年攀升,大量离婚诉讼涉及到未成年子女的权益保护问题,尽管近几年我国对未成年人的保护工作越来越重视,法律制度也日趋完善,并开展了家事审判方式和工作机制改革,但未成年子女在离婚诉讼中的程序保障仍然属于家事审判的薄弱环节。在离婚诉讼中,未成年子女并非诉讼主体,其参与诉讼比例低、表达意见不畅通、不能举证证明与其有关的事实。因此需要完善离婚诉讼中未成年子女权益程序保障方面的立法,设立配套的制度让离婚诉讼中的未成年子女能实质性、富有影响力地参加诉讼活动,从而保障其实体权益。本文首先对离婚诉讼中未成年子女权益程序保障进行了界定,提出了离婚诉讼中未成年子女权益的程序保障是由对未成年子女程序参与的保障、对未成年子女表达意见的保障、对未成年子女举证证明与其有关事实的保障三个方面构成,强调了对离婚诉讼中未成年子女权益程序保障的必要性。其次通过比较研究法,对英美法系和大陆法系典型国家和地区在离婚诉讼中对未成年子女程序参与、未成年子女表达意见、未成年子女举证证明与其有关事实三个方面进行比较考察,然后通过规范分析法和实证分析法,对我国离婚诉讼中未成年子女权益程序保障的立法和司法现状进行分析,发现离婚诉讼中未成年子女权益程序保障基本原则缺位、离婚诉讼中未成年子女程序参与受限、离婚诉讼中未成年子女意见表达机制不畅、离婚诉讼中未成年子女举证证明与其有关事实不力四个方面的问题。最后针对我国离婚诉讼中未成年子女权益程序保障存在的问题,在借鉴域外和家事改革试点中关于离婚诉讼中未成年子女权益程序保障的亮点经验,尝试从确立离婚诉讼中未成年子女程序保障的基本原则、落实未成年子女在离婚诉讼中的程序参与、完善听取未成年子女意见的机制、完善帮助未成年子女举证证明与其有关事实的制度这四个方面提出完善离婚诉讼中未成年子女权益程序保障的对策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Improving the procedural protection of minor children in divorce proceedings is conducive to safeguarding the judicial procedural justice of divorce proceedings and the legitimate rights and interests of minor children.Although China has been paying more and more attention to the protection of minors in recent years,and the legal system has become more and more perfect,and the reform of family trial and working mechanism has been carried out,the procedural protection of minor children in divorce proceedings still belongs to the weak link of family trial.In the divorce proceedings,minor children are not the subject of litigation,and their participation in the proceedings is low,their opinions are not well expressed,and the facts related to them are not well ascertained.Therefore,there is a need to improve the legislation on procedural safeguards for minor children in divorce proceedings,and to establish a system that allows minor children in divorce proceedings to participate substantially and influentially in litigation activities,so as to protect their substantive rights and interests.This paper firstly expounds the meaning of procedural safeguards for the rights and interests of minor children in divorce proceedings,and proposes that procedural safeguards for the rights and interests of minor children in divorce proceedings consist of three aspects:safeguards for the procedural participation of minor children,safeguards for the expression of opinions of minor children,and safeguards for the proof of facts related to minor children,and emphasizes the necessity of procedural safeguards for the rights and interests of minor children in divorce proceedings.Secondly,through the comparative study method,the three aspects of procedural participation of minor children,expression of opinions by minor children,and proof of facts related to minor children in divorce proceedings in typical countries and regions of common law and civil law systems are examined comparatively,and then the legislative and judicial status of procedural protection of the rights and interests of minor children in divorce proceedings in China is analyzed through the normative analysis method and the empirical analysis method,and it is found that We found that the basic principles of procedural protection of minor children’s rights and interests in divorce proceedings are absent,the procedural participation of minor children in divorce proceedings is limited,the mechanism for expressing minor children’s opinions in divorce proceedings is poor,and the proof of facts related to minor children in divorce proceedings is weak in four aspects.Finally,in view of the problems of procedural protection of the rights and interests of minor children in divorce proceedings in China,we try to establish the basic principles for the protection of minor children in divorce proceedings,implement the procedural participation of minor children in divorce proceedings,improve the mechanism for hearing the opinions of minor children,and improve the system of proof of facts related to minor children in divorce proceedings,drawing on the highlights of the experience of overseas and family affairs reform pilot projects.In this regard,we propose countermeasures to improve the procedural protection of the rights and interests of minor children in divorce proceedings in four aspects.更多还原