【作者】 李璇；

【导师】 王怡； 孙豫龙；

【作者基本信息】 华北电力大学(北京) ， 工程硕士（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 当前世界医疗废弃物的产量处于高位水平,其处置工作引起了世界各国的重点关注,而新型冠状病毒(COVID-19)导致的流行性肺炎持续肆虐全球,无疑加重了世界各国的医疗废弃物处理压力。在疫情期间,中国积累了丰富的抗疫经验,但与此同时,也暴露出医疗废弃物的处置工作存在短板。及时处理医疗废弃物是阻止疫情扩散的最后一道防线。医疗废弃物处理中心处理能力不足导致医疗废弃物堆积,会间接或直接传播病毒,阻碍疫情防控工作开展。以此为鉴,亟待提高我国医疗废弃物处理效率,补足医疗废弃物处理工作短板。通过建设医疗废弃物处理中心,并优化医疗废弃物收运路径,使得新建医疗废弃物处理中心能够迅速配合原有医疗废弃物处理中心共同完成及时收运医疗废弃物的工作,能够保证医疗废弃物处置工作合理有序进行。本文在选址和路径优化的相关理论基础上,结合医疗废弃物处理中心选址原则及要素,构建了 AHP-GIS相结合的废弃物处理中心选址模型。在选址后,考虑新建医疗废弃物处理中心和原有医疗废弃物处理中心在最短时间内收运全部医疗废弃物,构建双处理中心共同参与医疗废弃物处理任务的路径优化模型。本文主要的研究内容与成果如下:首先,利用文献研究法对医疗废弃物处理的国内外研究现状充分了解,明确本文的研究思路和研究方法。其次,分析了医疗废弃物处理中心选址的原则和要素,构建了 AHP-GIS相结合的医疗废弃物处理中心选址模型。以天津市为研究区域,使用AHP法计算影响天津市医疗废弃物处理中心选址的各个因素权重,使用ArcGIS10.6加权叠加分析并对结果综合评价,得到天津市适合建设医疗废弃物处理中心的地理坐标。最后,构建了以时间最短为目标的双处理中心共同参与医疗废弃物处理任务的路径优化模型,使用遗传算法求解,得到天津市新建废弃物处理中心和现有医疗废弃物处理中心共同参与的医疗废弃物最优收运路径及车辆运输时刻表。本文构建的医疗废弃物处理中心选址模型、医疗废弃物收运路径优化模型为天津市健全医疗废弃物处置体系、提升医疗废弃物处置效率的选址和路径规划提供决策参考。同时,本文构建的模型方法也为中国其他区域进行医疗废弃物处理中心选址决策、收运路径设计提供相关经验借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present,the output of medical waste in the world is at a high level,and its disposal has attracted the attention of countries all over the world.However,the epidemic pneumonia caused by novel coronavirus(COVID-19)continues to rage around the world,which undoubtedly increases the pressure on medical waste disposal in countries all over the world.China has accumulated rich experience in the process of combating the epidemic.But at the same time,it also exposed the shortcomings of the disposal of medical waste in China.Timely disposal of medical waste is the last line of defense to prevent the spread of the epidemic.The insufficient disposal capacity of the medical waste disposal center leads to the accumulation of medical waste,which will indirectly or directly spread the virus and hinder the prevention and control of the epidemic.In the epidemic situation,it is urgent to solve the problem of medical waste accumulation,improve the efficiency of medical waste disposal,and make up the shortcomings of medical waste disposal.By building a waste disposal center and optimizing the transportation path of medical waste,the new emergency waste disposal center can quickly cooperate with the original medical waste disposal center to complete the timely cleaning and transportation of medical waste,so as to ensure the reasonable and orderly disposal of medical waste in case of public health emergencies.Based on the relevant theories of location and path optimization,combined with the location principles and elements of medical waste disposal center,this paper constructs the location model of waste disposal center combined with AHP-GIS.After the site selection,consider how the new medical waste disposal center and the original medical waste disposal center can collect and transport all medical waste in the shortest time,and build a path optimization model for the dual disposal centers to jointly participate in the task of medical waste disposal.The main research contents and achievements of this paper are as follows:Firstly,using the literature research method to fully understand the research status of medical waste domestic and foreign,clarify the research ideas of this paper.Secondly,the principles and elements of the location of the medical waste disposal center were analyzed,and the site selection model of the medical waste disposal center combined with AHP-GIS was constructed.Taking Tianjin as the research area,using the AHP method to analyze the weights of various factors affecting the location of Tianjin medical waste disposal center,using ArcGIS 10.6 weighted superposition analysis and comprehensive evaluation of the results,get the geographical coordinates suitable for the construction of medical waste disposal center in Tianjin.Finally,the path optimization model of dual disposal centers participating in the task of medical waste disposal with the shortest time is constructed,which is solved by genetic algorithm,and the optimal collection and transportation path and vehicle transportation schedule of medical waste participated by the new waste disposal center and the existing medical waste disposal center in Tianjin are obtained.The location model of medical waste disposal center and the optimization model of medical waste transportation path constructed in this paper provide decision-making reference for Tianjin in improving the medical waste disposal system and improving the efficiency of medical waste disposal.At the same time,the model can provide relevant experience for other regions in China to make decision on the location of medical waste disposal centers and design the medical waste collection and transportation routes.更多还原