【作者】 李丹；

【导师】 彭贻海；

【作者基本信息】 华南理工大学 ， 体育学， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 体操类竞技项目中,具有“难、美、新、稳”特点的竞技健美操一直备受人们青睐。难度技术是竞技健美操的核心,是影响运动成绩和专业学生学习效果的重要因素。通过对比、梳理竞技健美操与体操类其它竞技项目相似(同)难度技术的差异性,可以更好地把握竞技健美操难度技术的本质特征。通过调查学生理解和掌握竞技健美操与体操类其它竞技项目相似(同)难度技术的差异性的基本情况,以及教师在教学中的实际表现,发现存在问题,提出竞技健美操难度技术教学优化策略,希望可以提高专项教学质量。采用文献资料法、比较分析法、问卷调查法等方法,基于评分规则视角,将竞技健美操与体操类其它竞技项目的难度技术进行比较(因蹦床的难度形式不同,故不纳入研究)。对竞技健美操与艺术体操、体操、技巧相似(同)难度技术差异性在学生学、教师教中的情况进行调查分析,结论如下:(1)竞技健美操与艺术体操存在13个相似(同)难度技术、与体操存在21个相似(同)难度技术、与技巧存在14个相似(同)难度技术。其中,竞技健美操与艺术体操有6个相似(同)难度技术存在差异、与体操有3个相似(同)难度技术存在差异、与技巧有3个相似(同)难度技术存在差异。(2)学生的性别、年级、专业、入学专项和学校类别均会对学生理解和掌握竞技健美操与体操类其它竞技项目难度技术差异性产生影响,其中受专业和入学专项影响最大。综合类院校教师在教学中对相似(同)难度技术差异性的体现程度较高,体育类院校教师对相似(同)难度技术差异性的体现程度较低,其中女教师由于实践经验的影响,在教学中对托马斯难度技术差异性的体现较少。(3)竞技健美操难度技术教学优化策略。学生理解相似(同)难度技术差异性的优化策略:增加视频教学,提高学生对体操类竞技项目难度技术差异性的关注;引导学生重视难度技术差异性的理论学习;鼓励学生积极参与体操类其它项目的培训等。学生掌握相似(同)难度技术差异性的优化策略:加大教学中专项素质的练习比重,为掌握难度技术差异性打下基础;进一步提高难度教学中技术差异性学习的针对性和全面性;增加互动模式,在教学中创造体操类各项目难度技术差异性的交流平台等。教师难度技术教学的优化策略:在难度技术教学中设置相似(同)难度技术差异性的内容;提高女教师对托马斯难度技术差异性的深度学习;培养综合能力,重视学生未来发展等。更多还原

【Abstract】 Among the gymnastics sports,the competitive aerobics with the characteristics of "difficult,beautiful,new and stable" has always been favored by people.Difficulty technique is the core of competitive aerobics,and it is an important factor affecting sports performance and learning effect of professional students.By comparing and sorting out the differences of similar(same)difficulty techniques between competitive aerobics and other gymnastics,we can better grasp the essential characteristics of the difficulty techniques of competitive aerobics.By investigating the basic situation of students’ understanding and mastering of the differences of similar(same)difficulty techniques between competitive aerobics and other gymnastics,as well as the actual performance of teachers in teaching,it is found that there are problems,and an optimization strategy for the teaching of competitive aerobics difficulty techniques is proposed.,hoping to improve the quality of special teaching.Using the methods of literature data,comparative analysis,questionnaire survey and other methods,based on the perspective of scoring rules,the difficulty techniques of competitive aerobics and other gymnastics are compared(due to the different difficulty forms of trampolines,they were not included in the study).This paper investigates and analyzes the differences in difficulty and technical differences between competitive aerobics and rhythmic gymnastics,gymnastics,and skills in students’ learning and teachers’ teaching.The conclusions are as follows:(1)There are 13 similar(same)difficulty techniques in competitive aerobics and rhythmic gymnastics,21 similar(same)difficulty techniques with gymnastics,and 14 similar(same)difficulty techniques with skills.Among them,there are 6 similar(same)difficulty techniques in competitive aerobics and rhythmic gymnastics,3 similar(same)difficulty techniques with gymnastics,and 3 similar(same)difficulty techniques with skills.(2)Students’ gender,grade,major,admission special and school category will all have an impact on students ’ understanding and mastery of the technical differences in the difficulty of competitive aerobics and other gymnastics sports,among which the major and admission special have the greatest impact.Teachers in comprehensive colleges have a higher degree of reflection of technical differences in similar(same)difficulty in teaching,while teachers in physical education colleges have a lower degree of reflection on technical differences in similar(same)difficulty.Influence,there is less reflection on the technical differences of Thomas difficulty in teaching.(3)The teaching optimization strategy of the difficulty technique of competitive aerobics.Optimization strategies for students to understand similar(same)technical differences in difficulty: increase video teaching to increase students’ attention to the technical differences in the difficulty of gymnastics sports;guide students to pay attention to the theoretical study of technical differences in difficulty;encourage students to actively participate in other gymnastics.Project training,etc.Optimizing strategies for students to master technical differences of similar(same)difficulty: increase the proportion of special quality practice in teaching,to lay a foundation for mastering technical differences in difficulty;further improve the pertinence and comprehensiveness of technical differences learning in difficulty teaching;increase Interactive mode,creating a communication platform for the technical differences in the difficulty of various gymnastics items in teaching.The optimization strategy of teachers’ difficulty technology teaching: setting similar(same)difficulty technology differences in difficulty technology teaching;improving female teachers’ in-depth learning of Thomas’ difficulty technology differences;cultivating comprehensive ability and paying attention to students’ future development,etc.更多还原