【作者】 李佳伟；

【导师】 张应中；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 机械电子工程， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 生命周期评价(Life Cycle Assessment,LCA)是目前国内外公认的评价产品和服务对环境影响最有效的方法。LCA方法的一个重要步骤是产品生命周期清单(Life Cycle Inventory,LCI)分析,即构建产品在其整个生命周期中从原材料获取、产品生产、使用直至服役后处置的每一个过程对资源和环境的影响数据。量化数据是科学有效地进行评价的依据,LCI分析是有效实施LCA的基础和关键。首先,本文对LCA分析方法、LCI数据库及LCI分析语义建模技术研究现状及其对应工具软件进行综述。结合目前最新软件开发技术及参考国际上LCA软件,提出一个新的基于B/S网络云服务架构的LCI分析工具软件框架;针对机电产品LCI分析建模特点,提出一个面向机电产品的LCI分析数据模型和关系型的LCI数据库设计;该数据库包含20余张关系数据表,并导入了Ecoinvent通用数据集,使其包含2000多个基本流数据、多个典型机加工过程数据和一些常用的影响评价方法等;开发了基于矩阵线性求解的清单数据计算方法和程序。针对目前产品LCI数据主要以关系型数据库存储、缺乏语义和知识表示问题,本文开展了面向机电产品的LCI分析语义建模研究,通过对LCI数据及分析涉及的概念和关系的深入分析,采用OWL构建了产品LCI数据本体模型,包括流本体、过程本体等多个本体概念的定义,通过知识规则丰富产品LCI知识表示;将产品LCI分析表示为由本体标注的过程、流作为节点,属性作为关系边的LCI分析知识图,实现产品的语义关联,从而为LCI清单分析的语义查询和各种知识处理打下基础,提高LCI分析及数据查询的质量和效率。本文提出的方法和模型基于Java等编程语言和工具编程实现,并以2.5MW风电机组为例,验证了提出的模型和方法的可行性与准确性;分析结果表明本文提出的方法和模型可以初步完成产品LCI语义分析建模;通过测试比较,构建的LCI数据正确、符合要求,支持语义查询。更多还原

【Abstract】 Life Cycle Assessment(LCA)is currently recognized at home and abroad as the most effective method to evaluate the environmental impact of products and services.An important step of the LCA approach is the product life cycle inventory(LCI)analysis,which is to construct the data of resource and environment impact of each process of a product in its entire Life Cycle,from raw material acquisition,product production,use to post-service disposal.Quantitative data is the basis for scientific and effective evaluation.Hence,LCI analysis is the basis and key for effective implementation of LCA.Firstly,this paper reviews the research status of LCA analysis methods,LCI database,LCI analysis semantic modeling technology and its corresponding tool software.Combined with the latest software development technology and reference to international LCA software,a new LCI analysis tool software framework based on B/S network cloud service architecture is proposed.According to the characteristics of mechanical and electrical products LCI analysis modeling,a data model of mechanical and electrical products LCI analysis and a relational LCI database design are proposed.The Ecoinvent database contains more than 20 relational data tables and contains more than 2000 basic flow data,several typical machining process data and some commonly used impact assessment methods.The calculation method and program of inventory data based on matrix linear solution are developed.At present,product LCI data are mainly stored in relational database and lack of semantic and knowledge representation.This paper carries out research on semantic modeling of LCI analysis for electromechanical products.Through in-depth analysis of LCI data and concepts and relations involved in analysis,OWL is used to build product LCI data ontology model.Several ontology concepts including flow ontology,process ontology and so on are defined,and knowledge rules are used to enrich product LCI knowledge representation.The product LCI analysis is represented as a knowledge graph of LCI analysis with ontology-annotated processes and flows as nodes and properties as relational edges to realize the semantic correlation of products,thus laying a foundation for semantic query and various knowledge processing of LCI analysis and improving the quality and efficiency of LCI analysis and data query.The proposed method and model are implemented based on Java programming language and tools,and the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed model and method are verified by taking 2.5MW wind turbine as an example.The analysis results show that the proposed method and model can preliminarily complete the semantic analysis modeling of product LCI.Through the test comparison,the constructed LCI data is correct,meets the requirements,and supports semantic query.更多还原