【作者】 刘洋；

【导师】 陆秀君； 赵鑫；

【作者基本信息】 沈阳农业大学 ， 林业（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 随着中草药研究的深入,市场对黄精药材的需求量日益增大。野生黄精来源匮乏,无法适应市场需求,同时肆意的采挖也破坏了生态环境和黄精少有的野生资源。本研究于2013年至2021年进行,调查、采集辽宁省大连市、北票市、凌源市3个地区野生黄精种源,并在抚顺清源县栽种,探究不同栽培环境下黄精生长特性,以及栽培密度、施肥措施对黄精生长、根茎产量及有效成分的影响,为黄精人工栽培技术提供指导,为规范辽宁省黄精人工栽培技术提供依据。主要研究结果如下:1.黄精在辽宁省大连市、北票市、凌源市3个种源区生长特性有所差异。苗圃驯化2年后的黄精生长指标显著高于野生环境生长的黄精,但种源间差异减小,黄精多糖均达7%以上。驯化后3个种源黄精生长特性排序为:凌源黄精>大连黄精>北票黄精。2.低温层积催芽显著提高黄精种子的发芽率。层积催芽后凌源、大连、北票3个种源黄精种子发芽率为93.33%、91.11和86.67%,比室温干藏黄精种子发芽率分别提高了21.73%、28.12%和33.54%。3.驯化4年后的黄精种子直径、千粒重、结实量均优于同年野生黄精。黄精驯化4年后与野生黄精相比直径略有增加,千粒重增幅为17%～26%,结实量可增加至1.5～4倍。4.根茎栽植密度主要影响3种地区黄精的根茎长和根茎粗,对总生物量、根茎鲜重和多糖影响次之,对株高、地径的影响不显著。综合效果为M4(12cm×12 cm)、M5(12cm×16cm)的效果最好。5.施肥处理可以显著提高黄精的株高、地径、总生物量、根茎长、根茎粗、根茎鲜重等各项生长指标。黄精种植最适施肥配比为S2农家肥(基肥3000 kg/hm~2)+专用复合肥(追肥50 kg/hm~2)。通过试验得出,在清原地区种植黄精应采用低温催芽、12cm×12 cm和12cm×16cm的栽植密度、农家肥+专用复合肥的施肥方式等措施,黄精的生长及产量综合效果最好。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the deepening of Chinese herbal medicine research,the market demand for Polygonatum sibiricum is increasing.Wild P.sibiricum lack of sources,unable to adapt to market demand,while wanton excavation also destroyed the ecological environment and P.sibiricum rare wild resources.This study was conducted from 2013 to 2021.In this study,wild P.sibiricum provenances from Dalian City,Beipiao City and Lingyuan City in Liaoning Province were investigated and collected,and cultivated in Qingyuan County,Fushun City.The growth characteristics of P.sibiricum under different cultivation environments,and the effects of cultivation density and fertilization measures on the growth,rhizome yield and effective components of P.sibiricum were explored,which provided guidance for artificial cultivation techniques of P.sibiricum and basis for regulating artificial cultivation techniques of P.sibiricum in Liaoning Province.The results show that:1.The growth characteristics of P.sibiricum in Dalian,Beipiao and Lingyuan of Liaoning Province were different.The growth indexes of P.sibiricum after two years of acclimation in nursery were significantly higher than those in wild environment,but the difference between provenances decreased,and the polysaccharides of P.sibiricum reached more than 7%.The growth characteristics of P.sibiricum from the three provenances after domestication were ranked as Lingyuan>Dalian>Beipiao.2.Low temperature stratification significantly increased the germination rate of P.sibiricum seeds.After stratification germination,the seed germination rates of Lingyuan,Dalian and Beipiao were 93.33%,91.11 and 86.67%,respectively,which were 21.73%,28.12%and 62.87%higher than those of dry storage at room temperature.3.The seed diameter,1000-grain weight and seed setting of P.sibiricum after 4 years of domestication were better than those of wild Polygonatum sibiricum.After four years of domestication,the diameter of P.sibiricum increased slightly compared with that of wild Polygonatum sibiricum,and the 1000-grain weight increased by 17%–26%,and the seed setting amount increased to 1.5–4 times.4.The rhizome planting density mainly affected the rhizome length and rhizome diameter of P.sibiricum in three regions,followed by the total biomass,rhizome fresh weight and polysaccharide,and had no significant effect on plant height and ground diameter.The comprehensive effect of M4(12 cm×12 cm)and M5(12 cm×16 cm)is the best.5.Fertilization significantly increased plant height,ground diameter,total biomass,rhizome diameter,rhizome length and rhizome fresh weight.The optimal fertilization ratio for P.sibiricum cultivation was S2 farmyard manure(basic fertilizer 3000 kg/hm~2)+special compound fertilizer(topdressing 50 kg/hm~2).The results showed that low temperature germination,planting density of 12 cm×12 cm and 12 cm×16 cm,fertilization mode of farmyard manure and special compound fertilizer should be adopted in planting P.sibiricum in Qingyuan area.The growth and yield of P.sibiricum were the best.更多还原