【作者】 李明；

【导师】 马铁强； 宋筱文； 单光坤；

【作者基本信息】 沈阳工业大学 ， 工程硕士（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 叶片是风电机组的关键部件,制造成本最高,对其可靠性要求极为严格。要求其满足轻质、高强、耐腐蚀等特点,因此复合材料成为风力机叶片制造的首选材料。为深入研究叶片的失效形式,本文运用复合材料跨尺度分析法,从宏观、介观、细观多个尺度对叶片的应力变化情况及损伤发展模式进行研究。在叶片出现损伤破坏前评估叶片可能损伤的部位,通过有效应对措施避免或减少经济损失与人员伤亡。同时开发了用于风力机叶片一体化分析的多尺度分析系统。论文主要内容如下:(1)使用Profili软件获取风力机叶片翼型数据,并使用有限元软件完成了复合材料风力机叶片的一体化建模流程。使用风力机叶片载荷计算软件创建风力机叶片的数学模型,结合IEC61400-1标准完成叶片所受极限载荷的计算。在有限元仿真软件基础上开发了复合材料风力机叶片有限元自动建模与分析系统。(2)探索了一套基于桥联模型的复合材料风力机叶片跨尺度分析方法。以Tsai-Wu失效准则和最大应力准则作为材料的失效判定,完成了复合材料叶片的跨宏观/介观/细观尺度结构分析。(3)用开发的系统,联合跨尺度分析方法,完成了对风力机叶片的有限元分析,并自动捕获了危险部位应力分布结果。结果表明,风力机在正常运行状况下,一旦出现极端阵风,风力机叶片前缘的过渡圆处会出现应力集中。相应位置的复合材料中间层应力集中十分明显,最有可能发生损伤。(4)用开发的系统,进行了不同工况条件下的风力机叶片应力分布分析和对比,其中包括正常运行时出现风速连续变化的极端工况、极限剪切风模型以及紧急停机时的工况。结果表明,在风速连续变化的极端工况作用下,叶片未出现失效的问题。在另两种工况作用下,叶片过渡圆部位的材料在细观尺度出现损伤,为基体损伤。通过本文研究工作,初步提出了复合材料风力机叶片的一体化建模方法与极限载荷计算方法。探索出了一套复合材料风力机叶片跨尺度分析的工程化方法,用以预判叶片在不同工况条件下可能出现损伤的区域。同时,本文开发了一款风力机叶片跨尺度分析系统,并以5MW风力机叶片为例对该系统进行了可行性验证。更多还原

【Abstract】 The blade is the key component of wind turbine,with the highest manufacturing cost and extremely stringent reliability requirements.It is required to meet the characteristics of light weight,high strength and corrosion resistance,so composite materials have become the preferred material for wind turbine blade manufacturing.In order to deeply study failure modes of the blade,the cross-scale analysis of composite materials is employed to study the stress change and damage development mode of the blade from macro,meso and micro scales.To evaluate possible damaged parts of the blade before the damage occurs,through effective countermeasures to avoid or reduce economic losses and casualties.At the same time,a multiscale analysis system for integrated analysis of wind turbine blades is developed.The main contents of the thesis are as follows:(1)The airfoil data of wind turbine blade was obtained using Profili software,and the integrated modeling process of the composite wind turbine blade was completed using the finite element software.Using the wind turbine blade load calculation software to create the mathematical model of the wind turbine blade,and completing the extreme load of the blade in combination with the IEC61400-1 standard.The automatic finite element modeling and analysis system for composite wind turbine blades was developed based on the finite element simulation software.(2)A set of cross-scale analysis method for composite wind turbine blades based on bridging model is explored.Using the Tsai-Wu failure criterion and the maximum stress criterion as the failure criterion of the material,and the cross macro/meso/micro-scale structural analysis of the composite blade is completed.(3)With the developed system,combined with the cross-scale analysis method,the finite element analysis of the wind turbine blade is completed,and the stress distribution result of the dangerous part is automatically captured.The result indicates that,the wind turbine in normal operation conditions,once there are extreme gusts,stress concentration will occur at the wind turbine blade leading edge of the transition circle.The stress concentration of the composite materials middle layer at the corresponding position is very obvious and most likely to be damaged.(4)With the developed system,the comparison of the stress distribution of wind turbine blade under different working conditions are analyzed,including the extreme working conditions with continuous change of wind speed during normal operation,ultimate shear wind model and the conditions during emergency shutdown.The result indicates that,the blade does not fail under the extreme condition of continuous change of wind speed.Under the other two working conditions,the material at the transition circle of the blade is damaged in the micro scale,which is the matrix damage.Through the research work of this paper,the integrated modeling method and extreme load calculation method of composite wind turbine blades are proposed.A set of engineering methods for multi-scale analysis of composite wind turbine blades is explored to predict the possible damage areas of the blade under different working conditions.At the same time,a multi-scale analysis system for wind turbine blades is developed in this paper,and the feasibility of the system is verified with a 5MW wind turbine blade.更多还原