【作者】 王越；

【导师】 曾坚；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 建筑与土木工程（建筑）， 2020， 硕士

【副题名】以天津市中心城区为例

【摘要】 随着我国城镇化进程高速推进,城市建成率与人口密度猛增、高密度城区的绿化覆盖率降低、人为排热量上升,致使城市高温日频次显著增多、热岛效应严重,对城市经济、居民健康、能源消耗影响颇深。在规划设计中,如何应对城市微气候变化,利用多维度的城市空间进行立体绿化网络构建,从而达到缓解城市高温、优化逐步恶化的热环境这一目的,是本文研究的关键点。论文从规划视角出发,运用ENVI-MET、Fluent等多种软件进行模拟,并结合遥感、GIS等操作平台,以天津市中心城区为研究对象,结合大量的一手数据资料,开展热环境优化规划策略研究。论文的研究内容由以下四个部分组成:第一部分,统筹分析了致使城区形成高温热环境的多种影响机制,并总结分析这几类主导因素的共通性,为选定高温热环境优化与防控方法提供导向;第二部分,从城区热环境降温这一核心目的出发,通过ENVI-MET模拟,对建筑外部(屋顶加墙体部分)绿化覆盖率与降温效果的定量化关系、覆盖立体绿化后的降温效果特点进行研究,从城市外部空间降温的角度进行深层次论证,为立体绿化规划提供数据支撑;以Fluent为定量分析技术支持,从建筑内部视角分析立体绿化的多种降温途径与降温效果,多角度、多层次的分析立体绿化中屋顶层绿化、空中层绿化、地面层绿化的优势。证实立体绿化是适宜于高密度城区、缓解热环境恶化效果更好、针对性更强的防控优化方式;第三部分,在选定立体绿化规划为防控方式之后,从城市规划层面与建筑层面,对立体绿化中的屋顶层、空中层、地面层绿化实施涉及的影响因子进行评价分析,从宏观与中观层面构建立体绿化可实施性评价体系。其次,定量与定性分析方式相结合,着重分析天津市中心城区的热环境演化及高温热环境分布情况,同时基于立体绿化可实施性评价体系,结合多源数据,梳理天津市中心城区屋顶、墙体、河道堤岸、立交桥交通等的存量空间资源;第四部分,综合上述三个部分的理论与数据研究结果,对立体绿化规划策略进行全面论述。对天津市中心城区进行宏观层面、中观层面的立体绿化规划。从适建区划分、绿化网络构架、实施时序、交通优化、组团肌理、与法定规划结合、分区域精准施策等多方面提出立体绿化规划策略。论文针对城市微气候和热环境问题,重点研究了城市高温热环境分布特点与主要形成机制,探索最佳的热环境优化方式及规划实施策略,建构了城市热环境优化规划策略理论框架,得出了适宜、精准、可持续的城市热环境优化实施方法,提出了多角度、多层次的立体绿化规划策略。课题的研究有助于改善高密度城区高温热环境,缓解快速城镇化带来的衍生灾害,为天津市中心城区以及同类型城市的立体绿化网络构建与城市低碳、生态发展做出了贡献。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid progress of Urbanization in China,the urban construction rate and population density are soaring,the green coverage rate of high-density urban areas is reduced,and artificial heat emission is increased,resulting in a significant increase in the daily frequency of urban high temperature and serious heat island effect,which has a profound impact on urban economy,residents’ health,and energy consumption.In the planning and design,the key point of this paper is how to deal with the urban microclimate change and construct the three-dimensional greening network by using the multi-dimensional urban space,so as to alleviate the urban high temperature and optimize the gradually deteriorating thermal environment.From the perspective of planning,this paper conducts simulation with ENVI-MET,Fluent and other software,and takes the central urban area of Tianjin city as the research object and combines a large number of first-hand data to carry out research on thermal environment optimization planning strategy.The research content of this paper consists of the following four parts:In the first part,various influencing mechanisms that lead to the formation of high-temperature thermal environment in urban areas are analyzed as a whole,and the commonality of these leading factors is summarized and analyzed to provide guidance for the optimization of high-temperature thermal environment and prevention and control methods.The second part,embarks from the urban thermal environment cooling the core purpose,through simulation ENVI-MET,for building external(roof and wall body part)green coverage rate and the cooling effect of quantitative relations,covering the cooling effect of the vertical greening characteristics are studied,from the perspective of urban outer space cooling deep argument,provide data support for stereo greening planning;Fluent was used as quantitative analysis technical support to analyze various cooling ways and cooling effects of three-dimensional greening from the internal perspective of the building,and the advantages of roof layer greening,air layer greening and ground layer greening were analyzed from multiple angles and levels.It is proved that three-dimensional greening is an optimal prevention and control method suitable for high-density urban areas,with better effect of alleviating thermal environmental degradation and stronger pertinence.The third part,after selecting the three-dimensional greening planning as the prevention and control method,evaluates and analyzes the impact factors involved in the implementation of the three-dimensional greening on the roof layer,the air layer and the ground layer from the urban planning level and the building level,and constructs the three-dimensional greening implementability evaluation system from the macro and medium levels.Second,the combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis methods,focusing on the analysis of tianjin city center thermal environment evolution and distribution of high temperature thermal environment based on three-dimensional greening can implement evaluation system at the same time,the combination of multi-source data,combing of tianjin city center roof,wall,such as river bank,intersection traffic memory space resources;The fourth part,the theory and data of the above three parts of the research results,three-dimensional greening planning strategy for a comprehensive discussion.The city center of Tianjin city is planned at the macro level and the middle level.The three-dimensional greening planning strategy is proposed from the following aspects: the division of suitable areas,the greening network framework,the implementation of timing sequence,traffic optimization,the group texture,the combination with legal planning,and the precise policy in different regions.Paper according to the urban microclimate and thermal environment problem,mainly study the urban heat environment distribution characteristics and the main formation mechanism,to explore the best way of thermal environment optimization,planning and implementation strategy to construct the urban thermal environment optimization planning strategy theory framework,it is concluded that the appropriate,accurate and sustainable urban thermal environment optimization implementation method,put forward the multi-angle,multi-level three-dimensional greening planning strategy.This research is helpful to improve the high temperature and thermal environment in high-density urban areas,alleviate the derivative disasters brought by rapid urbanization,and make contributions to the construction of three-dimensional green network in downtown Tianjin and similar cities as well as the low-carbon and ecological development of the city.更多还原