【作者】 陈颖；

【导师】 王文杰；

【作者基本信息】 东华大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 众包物流作为一种新兴的配送服务模式满足了人民日益增长的配送需求,成为解决“最后一公里”问题的有效方法之一。众包物流平台作为连接物流服务消费者与社会配送人员的中间服务型平台,需要向消费者收取物流服务价格,向社会配送人员支付物流服务报酬,并从中获取收益。众包物流平台的双边用户存在不同的归属行为且物流服务供需存在不确定性,这使得平台的定价问题变得复杂。因此,本文对竞争市场中不同用户归属行为下的众包物流平台的定价问题进行研究。在使得社会福利最大化的目标下,通过最优控制理论构建众包物流平台动态定价模型,利用极大值原理求解调控平台双边供需达到平衡状态时的最优竞争价格,并分析竞争系数和多归属比例等参数对众包物流服务定价和社会福利的影响。首先,构建了竞争市场中消费者和社会配送人员均为单归属的众包物流平台动态定价模型,分别求解需求高峰期和需求低谷期服务时间段内使平台双边供需达到平衡状态的最优竞争价格。并分析竞争系数、时间波动因子等参数对平台定价、供需规模和平台期望收益的影响。通过算例仿验证,不管是在需求高峰期还是低谷期,众包物流平台i和j在需求边的竞争越激烈,平台i和j最优竞争价格的变化率越快。其次,构建了竞争市场中社会配送人员部分多归属的众包物流平台动态定价模型,同样分别求解需求高峰期和需求低谷期服务时间段内使平台双边供需达到平衡状态的最优竞争价格。并分析社会配送人员多归属比例等参数对平台定价、供需规模和社会福利的影响。通过算例仿真发现,在需求高峰期,社会配送人员多归属比例对众包物流平台和社会配送人员的期望收益以及社会福利存在负面影响,平台应采取一定措施抑制社会配送人员的多归属行为。再次,在众包物流平台消费者和社会配送人员均为单归属的情形下,设计了静态价格静态报酬定价策略和动态价格动态报酬率定价策略,并与动态价格固定报酬率定价策略进行对比分析。通过研究发现,在需求高峰期,动态价格固定报酬率策略下的平台期望收益大于动态价格动态报酬率策略;而在需求低谷期,动态价格动态报酬率策略下的平台期望收益大于动态价格固定报酬率策略;静态价格静态报酬策略下的平台期望收益始终都是最低的。最后,对研究内容以及得出的结论进行了总结,并分析了研究的一些不足之处和可以深入研究的方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 As an emerging delivery service model,crowdsourcing logistics meets the people’s growing demand for delivery services and has become one of the effective methods to solve the "last mile" problem.The crowdsourcing logistics platform,as an intermediate service platform connecting logistics service consumers and socialized delivery personnel,needs to earn logistics service prices from consumers,pay logistics service wage to socialized delivery personnel,and obtain benefits from it.The bilateral users of crowdsourcing logistics platform have different ownership behaviors and the supply and demand are uncertain,which make the pricing problem of the platform complex.Therefore,this paper studies the pricing of crowdsourcing logistics platform under different user ownership behaviors in the competitive market.Under the goal of maximizing social welfare,the dynamic pricing model of crowdsourcing logistics platform is constructed through the optimal control theory,the optimal competitive price when the bilateral supply and demand of the platform reaches the equilibrium state is solved by using the maximum principle,and the effects of parameters such as competition coefficient and multi-homing ratio on crowdsourcing logistics service pricing and social welfare are analyzed.Firstly,a dynamic pricing model of crowdsourcing logistics platform in a competitive market where consumer and socialized delivery personnel are single-homing is constructed to solve the optimal competitive price to balance the bilateral supply and demand of the platform during the service period of peak demand and trough demand respectively.The effects of competition coefficient,time fluctuation factor and other parameters on platform pricing,supply and demand scale and expected revenue of the platform are analyzed.Through simulation,it is found that whether it is during peak or trough periods of demand,the more intense the competition between crowdsourcing logistics platforms i and j on the demand side,the faster the change rate of the optimal competitive price of platforms i and j.Secondly,a dynamic pricing model of a crowdsourcing logistics platform with partial multi-homing of socialized delivery personnel in a competitive market is constructed,which also solves the optimal competitive price to balance the bilateral supply and demand of the platform during the service period of peak demand and trough demand respectively.It also analyzes the impact of social distribution personnel multi-homing ratio and other parameters on platform pricing,supply and demand scale and social welfare.Through simulation,it is found that in the peak period of demand,the multi-homing ratio of socialized delivery personnel has a negative impact on the expected revenue of the crowdsourcing logistics platform and socialized delivery personnel and social welfare.The platform should take some measures to restrain the multi-homing behavior of socialized delivery personnel.Thirdly,under the situation that the consumer and socialized delivery personnel of the crowdsourcing logistics platform are all single-homing,the static price static wage pricing strategy and the dynamic price dynamic wage pricing strategy are designed,and compared with the dynamic price fixed wage pricing strategy.It is found that in the peak demand period,the platform expected revenue under the dynamic price fixed wage strategy is greater than the dynamic price dynamic wage strategy;while in the low demand period,the platform expected revenue under the dynamic price dynamic wage strategy is greater than the dynamic price fixed wage strategy;the expected revenue of the platform under the static price and static wage strategy is always the lowest.Finally,the research content and conclusions are summarized,and some deficiencies of the research and the directions that can be studied in depth are analyzed.更多还原