【作者】 朱琳；

【导师】 徐春成；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 法律（法学）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 我国虽然一直存在家事代理相关法律规定,但直到《中华人民共和国民法典》的出台才第一次明确规定家事代理制度。通过对家事代理理论及实践情况的梳理,可以发现仍然存在一些争议,分歧点主要集中于家事代理的性质、家事代理的范围、家事代理的法律效果三方面。而法律对于家事代理的规定较为笼统,有较大解释空间,需要进一步明确,以减少理论及实践中的分歧。在有关家事代理性质的五种学说中,合伙说、意定代理说、特种代理说、表见代理说这四种学说均有不妥之处,法定代理说最为合理,家事代理的性质应为法定代理。家事代理的范围是家事代理的核心问题。家事代理的范围应当从两方面加以确定:一方面,该代理行为从目的来看旨在满足夫妻及其未成年子女生存需求、保健娱乐需求、发展需求,从客观角度来看须具有适当性;另一方面,该行为须不属于不动产处分、投资经营、具有人身性质、夫妻之间约定排除的事项。只有同时满足这两方面的要件,才能归入家事代理的范围。行使家事代理权的家事代理行为会产生一定法律效果。在正常行使及非正常行使家事代理权的不同情况下,代理行为性质及内部外部的差异,会产生截然不同的法律效果。在正常行使家事代理权时,对内,夫妻双方根据采用的不同财产制承担义务,根据实施行为性质的区别享有不同的权利;对外,双方在任何财产制下都应对交易相对人承担连带责任,不同财产制下清偿顺序有所不同,但夫妻一方与相对人之间有特别约定的情况除外。在非正常行使家事代理权时,对内,适用婚内侵权责任制度对利益受损的被代理人进行救济;对外,根据实施行为性质的不同,可能产生表见代理及善意取得的法律效果。为了避免滥用家事代理制度,应当谨慎认定代理行为是否构成表见代理或善意取得。更多还原

【Abstract】 Although there have been legal provisions related to family agency in China,it was not until the introduction of the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China that the system of family agency was explicitly provided for the first time.By sorting out the theory and practice of family agency,we can find that there are still some controversies,and the differences mainly focus on the nature of family agency,the scope of family agency,and the legal effect of family agency.The provisions of the law on family agency are more general and have more room for interpretation,which need to be further clarified in order to reduce the differences in theory and practice.In the five doctrines about the nature of family agency,partnership,intentional agency,special agency,apparent agency,these four doctrines are inappropriate,the most reasonable legal agency,the nature of family agency should be legal agency.The scope of family agency is the core issue of family agency.The scope of family agency should be determined from two aspects: on the one hand,the agency act from the purpose to meet the survival needs of the couple and their minor children,health and recreation needs,development needs,from an objective point of view must be appropriate;on the other hand,the act must not belong to the disposal of real estate,investment and business,personal nature,between the couple agreed to exclude matters.Only if both elements are met can the act be classified as a family agency.The act of exercising the right of family agency produces certain legal effects.In different cases of normal and abnormal exercise of family agency,the difference in the nature of the act of agency,internally and externally,can produce very different legal effects.In the normal exercise of family agency,internally,both spouses are obligated according to the different property systems adopted and enjoy different rights according to the nature of the acts performed;externally,both parties are jointly and severally liable to the counterparty to the transaction under any property regime,and the order of satisfaction varies under different property regimes,except in cases where there is a special agreement between a spouse and the counterparty.In the case of abnormal exercise of domestic agency,internally,the marital tort liability system is applied to provide relief to the agent whose interests are damaged;externally,depending on the nature of the act performed,the legal effects of apparent agency and bona fide acquisition may arise.In order to avoid abuse of the domestic agency system,care should be taken to determine whether the act of agency constitutes representational agency or bona fide acquisition.更多还原