【作者】 李军；

【导师】 汤火箭；

【作者基本信息】 西南财经大学 ， 法律（法学）（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 “其他手段”强奸这一“兜底条款”的存在有其合理性,对其正确适用能充分体现刑法的法益保护功能。但对“其他手段”的解释应当受罪刑法定原则的约束,并为强奸罪基本特征所制约。目前学术界对何谓“其他手段”强奸并未构建统一的识别标准,司法实务中也有扩大适用的趋势,不利于被告人权利的保护。对“其他手段”进行限制解释应当是司法实践的基本立场与理论界的唯一选择。限制解释的基本要求是“其他手段”与暴力、胁迫手段具有同质性、相当性,此外还要考虑法益侵害性和“违背妇女意志”这一强奸罪的本质特征。只有达到上列要求时,我们才能对“其他手段”这一“兜底条款”进行入罪评价。本文分导论和正文四章。导论:介绍了强奸罪“其他手段”识别标准的研究背景、研究现状及不足,阐述了进一步研究的意义。第一章强奸罪的保护法益:分析了强奸罪的保护法益妇女的性自主权是一项防御性权利,阐述性自主权的内容包括妇女对是否发生、与谁发生性行为,以及以什么方式、在什么时间、地点和环境下发生性行为享有决定权。第二章暴力、胁迫手段的地位和意义:分析了“暴力、胁迫”手段的目的,并通过比较三种有关强奸罪本质特征的学说,论证应当将“违背妇女意志”确定为强奸罪的本质特征;进而认为,判断“暴力、胁迫”手段要坚持主客观相一致的原则,并考量手段的强度是否足以影响妇女性行为的自主决定权。第三章“其他手段”的意义与种类:论证兜底条款是平衡刑法适应性和安定性的必要措施,能填补刑法漏洞,更好的保护法益;认为“其他手段”属于行为方式类兜底条款,阐述要立足于兜底条款的这一属性,采用适当的刑法解释方法构建“其他手段”识别标准;进而将“其他手段”分为具有外在直观性的“其他手段”和没有手段的“其他手段”(单纯奸淫型),并归纳出“其他手段”强奸的识别标准和步骤。第四章“其他手段”强奸的具体判断:通过对200个案例进行分类评析后得出结论,采用酒精灌醉、药物迷昏、催眠术等手段让被害妇女丧失性防卫能力进而奸淫的,属于使用具有外在直观性的“其他手段”强奸;趁被害妇女醉酒、熟睡、患病,或明知被害妇女系完全没有性识别能力的精神病人、痴呆患者进而奸淫的,属于单纯奸淫型强奸;采用迷信、假冒被害妇女丈夫、恋人等手段使被害妇女对性行为本身的性质和作用产生误认或对性行为对象产生误认的,也属于使用具有外在直观性的“其他手段”强奸;但其他类型骗奸、利用照护机会实施奸淫的,不能成立强奸罪。通过本文的研究,作者期待对“其他手段”强奸建立一套识别标准,进而进行类型化分析,从而在理论上减少认识分歧,实务上为认定“其他手段”强奸提供有利的参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 The existence of miscellaneous provision such as "other means" rape has its rationality,and its correct application can fully reflect the legal interest protection function of criminal law.However,the interpretation of "other means" should be constrained by the principles of criminal law and the basic characteristics of rape crime.At present,the academic community has not established a unified identification standard for "other means" rape,and there is a trend to expand its application in judicial practice,which is not conducive to the protection of the rights of the defendant.Restrictive interpretation of "other means" should be the basic position of judicial practice and the only choice of theoretical circles.The basic requirement of restrictive interpretation is that "other means" is homogeneous and equivalent to violence and coercion.In addition,we should also consider the substantive characteristics of the crime of rape,which is the infringement of legal interests and "against women’s will".Only when the above requirements are met,can we make a guilty evaluation of "other means".The first part of this paper discusses the protection of legal interests of rape.It is a common saying in academic circles to take sexual autonomy as the protection legal interest of rape crime,but the nature and contents of sexual autonomy should be further discussed.The author believes that sexual autonomy is not an active right.It is a defensive right,which is the right of women to choose,reject and resist when the man puts forward a claim for sexual behavior to women.The contents of sexual autonomy include women’s right to decide whether to have sex,who to have sex with,and in what way,at what time,place and environment.The second part of this paper analyzes the status and significance of the means of "violence and coercion" in the crime of rape,and holds that the purpose of the means is to commit adultery against women’s will,so as to identify the core connotation of the crime of rape.By comparing the three essential characteristics of rape: the theory of coercive means,the theory of violating women’s will and the theory of lacking women’s consent,it is considered that "the theory of violating women’s will" should be adopted as the essential characteristics of rape.To judge whether the means of "violence and coercion" constitute the crime of rape,we should adhere to the principle of consistency between subjective and objective,and judge whether the intensity of the means is enough to affect women’s independent decision-making power of sexual behavior.The third part of this paper makes it clear that "other means" belong to the miscellaneous provisions.By analyzing the relationship between the miscellaneous provisions and the protection of legal interests,it is considered that the emergence of the miscellaneous provisions is a necessary measure to balance the adaptability and stability of criminal law,in order to fill the loopholes of criminal law and better protect legal interests.And by sorting out the types of miscellaneous provisions in the criminal law,it is confirmed that "other means" rape belongs to the miscellaneous provisions of behavior.Therefore,when we interpret "other means",we should perform its function of protecting legal interests based on the understanding of the attribute of this miscellaneous provision,and adopt appropriate criminal law interpretation theory to construct the identification standard of "other means".Then,according to whether the rape means have external intuition,the "other means" are divided into "other means" with external intuition and "other means" without means(simple adultery).The fourth part of this paper combs the 200 cases of "other means" rape in Chinese Judicial Document Network,evaluates and analyzes the relevant cases with the identification standard of "other means" rape,and divides the 200 cases of "other means" rape into seven types through empirical case analysis.Through the research of this paper,the author expects to establish a set of identification standards for "other means" rape,and then carry out typological analysis,so as to reduce the differences of understanding in theory and provide a favorable reference for identifying "other means" rape in practice.更多还原