【作者】 张进；

【导师】 冯章启；

【作者基本信息】 南京理工大学 ， 材料工程（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 刺激响应性材料是继天然材料、合成高分子材料、人工设计材料之后的第四代材料,它是一种可以感知外界物理或化学刺激(光、电、磁、温度、湿度、p H、有机溶剂)而做出响应性行为的材料,已被广泛应用于传感器、致动器、能量收集、软机器人、机械手臂等领域。目前,刺激响应性材料的形变幅度、响应速度、形变的可编程性方面已经有了很大的提升,未来的研究方向聚焦于刺激响应性材料多功能化的实现和解决单一刺激响应性的问题上。本文以静电纺丝工艺为基础,制备了两种智能复合膜,一种是丙酮响应并具有多功能性的智能薄膜;另一种是湿度/丙酮蒸汽双重响应的智能薄膜。并分别研究了两种智能响应薄膜的性能和应用。简述如下:(1)利用静电纺丝工艺构筑了多功能聚己内酯(PCL)/左旋聚乳酸(PLLA)双层纤维膜。首先,在丙酮蒸汽的刺激下,该双层膜表现出了超快的弯曲响应(0.1s内弯成一个闭合的圆环)。深入研究了膜厚度、丙酮蒸汽浓度对形变幅度的影响。其次,纤维有序排列的微结构实现了双层膜可编程形变(扭曲、卷曲、弯曲)。再次,有机压电材料PLLA承担了机电转化的角色,能以电信号的形式实时监控双层膜的形变并间接反映溶剂的浓度。除此之外,还通过实验和计算模拟相结合的方法探究双层膜产生响应性形变的机理。最后,基于双层纤维膜优异的响应特性,探究了双层复合膜在软机器人、机械手臂、仿生花和溶剂传感器方面的应用。(2)针对智能响应薄膜单一刺激响应的问题,丙酮/湿度双重响应的PCL/聚氧化乙烯(PEO)复合膜被制备。对双层纤维膜在响应湿度和丙酮蒸汽过程进行详细的动力学分析,并分别研究了双层纤维膜在在不同的刺激情况下形变幅度的影响因素(活性层厚度和刺激强度)。最后设计并开发了基于PCL/PEO双层纤维膜的湿度控制电路开关的应用模型。更多还原

【Abstract】 Stimuli-responsive materials,as the fourth generation materials after natural materials,synthetic polymer materials,and artificially designed materials,can undergo shape change or motions under external physical or chemical stimuli(light,electricity,magnetic field,temperature,humidity,p H,organic solvents),which can be widely used in the fields of sensors,actuators,energy harvesting devices,soft robots,mechanical arm.Up to now,many properties of the stimuli-responsive materials such as shape deformation amplitude,actuation speed and programmable deformation have been greatly improved.In addition to these properties,there are still challenges in preparing smart films with multiple responses and multifunctionality.In this study,two smart composite membranes were prepared by the electrospinning process.One was a smart film with multi-functional solvent responsiveness;the other was a acetone/ humidity dual-response composite film.The detailed process of this research was briefly described as follows:(1)Multifunctional PCL/PLLA bilayer fiber membrane was prepared by electrospinning.First,the bilayer membrane exhibited ultrafast actuation speed in response to acetone stimulus(bent into a closed loop in 0.1 s).The influence of film thickness and acetone concentration on the magnitude of deformation was studied.Secondly,oriented PLLA fibers provided the possibility to realize the programmable deformation of the bilayer membrane(twisted,curled,bent).Thirdly,the piezoelectric material PLLA,as a mechanicalelectric conversion layer,could monitor the deformation of the bilayer film in real time in the form of electrical signals.Besides,We have explored the deformation mechanism of the bilayer fiber membrane through a combination of experiment and computation.Finally,We have designed a series of application models including soft robots,robotic arms,bionic flowers and sensors.(2)To solve the single stimulus response problem of smart film,we have prepared an acetone/humidity dual-responsive PCL/PEO bilayer film.We studied the continuous bending deformation of the bilayer fiber membrane under the stimulation of acetone vapor and humidity,and the influence of the thickness of the active layer,the concentration of acetone and the humidity on the deformation amplitude was studied.Finally,We designed a circuit switch controlled by humidity.更多还原