我国终身监禁制度优化研究

【作者】 林星；

【导师】 许健；

【作者基本信息】 福州大学 ， 刑法学（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 我国《刑法修正案(九)》修正了贪腐类犯罪条文,对重大贪腐犯罪分子设立了终身监禁制度,这是我国刑事法律制度一次重大创新。与国外终身监禁制度不同的是,我国终身监禁的适用必须附属于死刑缓期执行制度,且适用对象仅为重特大贪腐犯罪分子。终身监禁有效的解决之前贪腐犯罪分子服刑期过短的问题,有力打击了贪腐犯罪、完善我国刑罚体系、响应限制死刑政策。但是,作为一项本土化的全新刑罚制度,其从诞生之日起就备受争议。本文正文从以下四个部分对我国终身监禁制度及其优化进行研究:第一部分:从概念出发介绍了我国终身监禁的适用条件以及与无期徒刑的异同点,并分析终身监禁性质的各种观点,得出终身监禁并非独立刑种与死刑替代措施,而是刑罚具体执行过程中的一种特殊刑罚执行措施。并介绍了终身监禁适用的范围与条件以及优化我国终身监禁的意义。第二部分:分析我国终身监禁制度存在的问题。立法上存在法官裁量权过大、终身监禁适用范围过窄以及缺少回归机制的问题;司法适用上存在终身监禁溯及力问题、终身监禁与重大立功衔接关系问题以及终身监禁能否监外执行问题;执行上会对监狱管理和医疗体系产生影响,且罪犯身心可能会产生问题。第三部分:介绍了国外终身监禁制度分类与现状,并从域外的经验中得到一些对我国终身监禁制度发展的启示。例如将终身监禁设为独立刑种、引入赦免制度以及扩大终身监禁适用罪名等。第四部分:提出了对我国终身监禁制度的一些优化建议。在立法层面,建议规范法官自由裁量权,具体措施如终身监禁的适用应通过最高人民法院复核、明晰适用标准以及加强检察机关监督;将终身监禁的适用范围扩大至一些严重的暴力性犯罪以及毒品、经济类犯罪上;灵活运用赦免制度应对特殊情况。在司法层面,建议规范适用刑法溯及力原则;明确在死缓期间允许适用重大立功规则减为25年有期徒刑,不再执行终身监禁;在终身监禁进入执行阶段后,不允许犯罪分子通过重大立功减刑以及终身监禁不应允许监外执行。在执行层面,建议健全医疗保障与监狱管理并加强对犯罪分子的人权保障与心理疏导。更多还原

【Abstract】 China’s "Criminal Law Amendment(9)" has amended the provisions of corruption crimes and established a life imprisonment system for major corruption criminals.This is a major innovation in China’s criminal system.Different from the foreign life imprisonment system,the application of life imprisonment in our country must be affiliated with the death penalty suspended execution system,and the application object is only heavy criminals.Life imprisonment effectively solves the problem of corruption prisoners serving short sentences before,effectively cracking down on corruption crimes,improving China’s punishment system,and responding to the death penalty policy.However,as a new localized penalty system,it has been controversial since its birth.The body of this article studies the life imprisonment system and its optimization from the following four parts:The first part: introduces the applicable conditions of life imprisonment and the similarities and differences with life imprisonment from the concept,and analyzes various points of view on the nature of life imprisonment,and concludes that life imprisonment is not an independent measure of death and an alternative to the death penalty,but a specific implementation of punishment A special measure in the process.and introduced the scope and conditions of life imprisonment and the significance of optimizing life imprisonment in China.The second part analyzes the problems existing in China’s life imprisonment system.Legislative issues include excessive judge discretion,too narrow a range of life imprisonment,and a lack of a regression mechanism;judicial application of the issue of retrospective force of life imprisonment,the connection between life imprisonment and major achievements,and whether life imprisonment can be performed outside the prison Problems;implementation can have an impact on prison management and the medical system,and offenders can have physical and mental problems.Part III: Introduces the classification and status quo of foreign life imprisonment system,and obtains some enlightenments to the development of China’s life imprisonment system from extraterritorial experience.For example,life imprisonment is set as an independent penalty,the pardon system is introduced,and the applicable charges of life imprisonment are expanded.The fourth part: put forward some suggestions for optimizing China’s life imprisonment system.At the legislative level,it is recommended to regulate the discretion of judges.Specific measures such as the application of life imprisonment should be reviewed by the Supreme People’s Court,the applicable standards should be clarified,and the supervision of the procuratorial organs should be strengthened.The scope of life imprisonment should be extended to some serious violent crimes,drugs,For economic crimes;use the pardon system flexibly to respond to special situations.At the judicial level,it is recommended to standardize the application of the retrospective principle of the criminal law;make clear that the application of the rule of major merit is allowed to be reduced to 25 years of imprisonment during the suspended sentence,and that life imprisonment is no longer enforced;after the term of life imprisonment has entered the execution stage,criminals are not allowed to make major contributions Commutation and life imprisonment should not allow execution outside prison.At the implementation level,it is recommended to improve medical security and prison management and strengthen human rights protection and psychological counseling for criminals.更多还原