煤洲升绿岛：淮南市H公司“煤炭生态农业”实践的经济人类学考察

【作者】 王凡；

【导师】 施琳；

【作者基本信息】 中央民族大学 ， 人类学， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 淮南市是“国家14个亿吨级重点煤炭能源工业基地之一”。J集团作为国有大型工矿企业在这片沃土上经历一百多年的发展变迁,逐渐形成了以煤炭和电力为两大主业,多条产业链融合的发展模式。近年来,J集团在响应国家相关政策,促进产业结构转型的行动中,催生了“煤炭生态农业”实践。这一实践的独特之处在于:煤炭工业企业整合利用集团原有土地,在此基础上发展出生态农业产业。该生态农业产业不断与集团中的职业病防治、康养等相关服务产业进行合并调整,从而逐步推进一二三产业融合。2015年末,J集团的“煤炭生态农业”实践随着H公司的创立而正式开始起步。从这一新生的实践中,能够透射出在产业转型背后,地方性工业社会的时代特征。通过回溯J集团的历史发展过程和对H公司发展运作及其影响变化的深描,发现H公司是J集团进行“反工业化”尝试下催生出的产业转型逻辑。这一逻辑体现在J集团依托煤炭等相关产业作为引导资本,对集团农林土地资源的收回整治,达到散置资源的集约化管理和再利用,继而顺畅相关人员退出煤矿作业通道,将一部分人员投入到生态农业板块建设中。作为J集团生态农业板块的代理人,H公司在形成一定规模的农业产业化后,逐步拓宽农业产业链,将目标市场主要圈定在集团内部职工市场,其生产的生态农品主要以保供的形式发放给J集团职工,由此形成了集团公司内部的生产消费圈。在“煤炭生态农业”实践中,同样也体现出了H公司在产业发展过程中的互嵌性与地方性特征。本文从经济人类学的视角阐释了J集团在转型发展背景下,打造出“煤炭生态农业”的实践逻辑,运用嵌入和社会关系网络等相关理论知识考察H公司在地方工业社会的嵌入性,以及企业与保供工人之间的社会关系网络,从而进一步探讨工业与农业的关系问题。H公司作为J集团转型的一种尝试,实际上是在相关政策背景和一定的社会关系基础上应运而生,其发展之钥在于J集团转型决策调整的科学性以及后单位时代集团职工信任关系的稳定性。尽管在后单位时代,职工的公共活动、私人生活还是会或多或少受到单位(组织)的干预和控制,个人的能力、生活、需求的发展被嵌入进单位中。在单位依赖的惯性思维下,H公司的保供行动再一次体现出职工对集团的信任关系与单位归属感。这说明了“煤炭生态农业”实践不仅仅是作为工矿产业转型背景下的新路径和企业社会责任的一种具化诠释,也是J集团在剥离“企业办社会”的职能后,仍能够加强自身与职工以及当地社会信任关系网络的重要尝试。更多还原

【Abstract】 Huainan,as a City is "one of the 1.4 billion tons of national key coalenergy industrial bases".As a large state-owned industry and mining corporation,J Corporation has developed and changed more than 100 years in this fertile soil,it has gradually formed a development model with coal and electricity as two main businesses and the integration of multiple industrial chains.In recent years,J Corporation has created the practice of "Coal Ecological Agriculture",witch in response to relevant national policies and promoting the transformation of industrial structure.The uniqueness of this practice is that coal industry corporation integrate and utilize the original land,then develop ecological agriculture industry on this basis.The ecological agriculture industry has been continuously merged and adjusted with the related service industries,such as occupational disease prevention industry and nursing industry in the Corporation.So can gradually promote the integration of primary,secondary and tertiary industries.At the end of 2015,J Corporation’s"Coal Ecological Agriculture" practice officially started with the establishment of H Subsidiary Company.From this nascent practice,thecharacteristics of the times of local industrial society can be reflected behind the industrial transformation.Through retrospecting the historical development process of J Corporation,thick describing the development and operation of H Subsidiary Company and its influence changes,it is found that HSubsidiary Company is the industrial transformation logic generated by J Corporation’s "Anti-industrialization" attempt.This logic is reflected that J Corporation relies on coal and other related industries as guiding capital,then recovered and arranged the Corporation’s agricultural and forestry land resources,so that achieve intensive management and reuse of scattered resources,and then smoothly exit the coal mine operation channel for relevant personnel,so that can arrange a part of the personnel to set up the ecological agricultural part.As the agent of J Corporation’s ecological agriculture part,after forming a certain scale of agricultural industrialization,H Subsidiary Company has gradually expanded the agricultural industry chain,and the target market is mainly defined as the Corporation’s internal employee market.The ecological agricultural products are mainly for guaranteed supply the employees of J Corporation,thus forming a production and consumption circle within the Corporation.In the practice of "Coal Ecological Agriculture",it also reflects the embedded and local characteristics of H Subsidiary Company in the process of industrial development.From the perspective of Economic Anthropology,this paper explains the practical logic of J Corporation’s creation of "Coal Ecological Agriculture",witch under the background of transformation and development.Using Embedded theory and Social Relationship Network theory to investigate the embedded of H Subsidiary company in the local industrial society and also explore the social network between the Corporation and guaranteed workers,so as to further discuss the relationship between industry and agriculture.As an attempt of J Corporation’s transformation,H Subsidiary Company actually came into being on the basis of relevant policy backgrounds and certain social relations.The key to its development lies in the scientific nature of J Corporation’s transformation decision-making and the stable trust relationship between the Corporation’s employees in the post-unit era.Although in the post-unit era,the public activities and private life of employees will still be more or less intervened and controlled by the unit(organization),and the development of individual abilities,life,and needs is embedded in the unit.Under the inertial thinking of unit dependence,H Subsidiary Company’s action of guaranteeing supply once again reflects the trust relationship of employees to the group and the sense of belonging to the unit.This shows that the practice of "Coal Ecological Agriculture.is not only a new path under the background of industrial and mining industry transformation and a concrete interpretation of corporation social responsibility,but also that it’s an important attempt to trust the relationship network with employees and local society after J Corporation has stripped away the function of "corporation burdened with social responsibility".更多还原