【作者】 王慧；

【导师】 王怡；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 社会保障， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 2021年2月,我国脱贫攻坚战取得了全面胜利,710万建档立卡残疾人全部脱贫。然而,残疾人由于自身能力限制,稳定增收能力弱,抵御风险能力不足,存在较大的返贫风险。在全面脱贫背景下,如何巩固残疾人脱贫攻坚成果,防止残疾人群体发生规模性返贫现象,是当前国家重点关注的问题。本文采用案例研究法和访谈法,运用元治理理论和贫困恶性循环理论,以山东省A市为例,研究全面脱贫背景下残疾人返贫阻断问题。首先,总结了政府、康复机构、企业、残联在A市残疾人返贫阻断中如何发挥作用。其次,分析A市残疾人返贫阻断过程中存在的问题。再次,进一步分析A市残疾人返贫阻断为什么会存在这些问题。最后,强调政府应在完善A市残疾人返贫阻断工作中发挥主导作用,作为“元治理者”和其他主体共同解决残疾人返贫阻断过程中存在的问题,推进残疾人返贫阻断工作,有效防止残疾人返贫。具体而言:当前,A市主要通过残疾人“两项补贴”、提供残疾人康复服务、按比例安置残疾人就业、建立残疾人创业项目阻断残疾人返贫。经过访谈调研,了解到在残疾人返贫阻断过程中,A市存在残疾人(家庭)脱贫稳定性弱、康复服务实施效果差、残疾人就业保障不足以及残疾人创业项目运行不畅四个方面的问题。在进一步的分析下,发现导致这些问题的原因在于残疾人“两项补贴”制度不合理、康复机构政府扶持不足、按比例安置残疾人就业难度大和残疾人自主创业积极性不够。基于以上的分析,提出完善A市残疾人返贫阻断工作的对策建议,包括:完善残疾人“两项补贴”制度、加强残疾人康复机构建设、促进残疾人按比例就业、发挥残联创业支持作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 In February 2021,China has won a comprehensive victory in the battle against poverty,lifting all 7.1 million registered persons with disabilities out of poverty.However,due to the limitations of their own ability,the disabled have weak ability to steadily increase income,and lack of ability to resist risks,so there is a great risk of returning to poverty.In the context of comprehensive poverty alleviation,how to solidify the accomplishments of poverty alleviation for the disabled and prevent the disabled from falling back into poverty on a scale is a key concern of the state at present.In this thesis,case study method and interview method are adopted,metagovernance theory and vicious cycle of poverty theory are applied,taking A city as an example to discuss the problem of preventing disabled people from returning to poverty under the background of comprehensive poverty alleviation.First of all,it summarizes how the government,rehabilitation facility,enterprises and the disabled persons federation play a role in preventing the disabled from returning to poverty in A city.Secondly,it analyzes the problems existing in the process of preventing the disabled from returning to poverty.Thirdly,it further analyzes why these problems exist in the prevention of poverty return for the disabled in A city.Finally,it is emphasized that the government should play a leading role in improving the prevention of poverty return for the disabled in A city,and solve the problems existing in the prevention process of poverty return for the disabled as the "meta-controller",promote the prevention of poverty return for the disabled,and effectively prevent the disabled from returning to poverty.Specifically,at present,A city mainly through "two subsidies" for the disabled,providing rehabilitation services for the disabled,placing the disabled in proportion to find employment,and establishing entrepreneurship projects for the disabled to prevent the disabled from returning to poverty.Through interviews and surveys,it is known that in the process of poverty prevention for the disabled,there are four problems in A city:the stability of poverty alleviation for the disabled(family)is weak,the implementation effect of rehabilitation services is poor,the employment security for the disabled is not in place,and the operation of entrepreneurship projects for the disabled is not smooth.After further analysis,it is found that the reasons for these problems lie in the imperfect"two subsidies" system for the disabled,the insufficient government support for rehabilitation institutions,the difficulty of finding employment for the disabled in proportion,and the insufficient enthusiasm of the disabled to start their own business.Based on the above analysis,the countermeasures and suggestions are put forward for A city to improve the prevention work of the disabled returning to poverty,including improving the system of "two subsidies" for the disabled,strengthening the construction of rehabilitation institutions for the disabled,promoting the employment of the disabled in proportion,and reinforcing the support of the disabled persons federation to the disabled entrepreneurship.更多还原