哈桑“不确定-内在性”思想研究

【作者】 刘杰；

【导师】 李波；

【作者基本信息】 曲阜师范大学 ， 文艺学， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 伊哈布·哈桑是最早描述和理论化后现代主义的学者之一,被誉为“后现代主义之父”。哈桑使后现代主义“有了较可辨识的身份”,创造了“不确定-内在性”(indetermanence)概括后现代主义的根本特征,说明了后现代主义解构与重建的内涵。其“不确定-内在性”思想的阐发集中于《后现代转向:后现代理论与文化论文集》(本文集收录了哈桑从1967年至1987年二十年间发表的论文共计十篇,集中体现了哈桑对于后现代主义问题的思考)。随着后现代主义理论家的不断涌现,人们忽视了哈桑“不确定-内在性”的思想价值,忽略了其对后现代主义研究的贡献。本文将通过文献分析与文本细读的方式,通过阐述“不确定-内在性”思想,部分呈现哈桑后现代主义理论的价值。哈桑“不确定-内在性”思想的提出,经历了一个思索的过程。哈桑先是考察先锋派文学的反叛传统,提出“沉默的文学”,揭示出“沉默”表象下存在反叛与希望的声音——“愤怒的呼喊”与“启示录式的调子”。接着,在此基础上,哈桑总结出后现代主义的根本特征是“不确定-内在性”(indetermanence),它包含“不确定性”(indeterminacy)和“内在性”(immanence)两个方面,这是后现代主义两种核心的、构成性的倾向。“不确定性”体现了后现代主义文化中解体与反叛的力量,“内在性”则是潜藏在这一疯狂解构力量之下的一种创造性的力量,是人类固有的、内在的力量。“不确定-内在性”思想体现了后现代主义文化中“解构”与“重建”并行的趋势,彰显了后现代主义文化历经破碎而重建的韧性。最后,哈桑对这一特征之下的后现代主义进行了总结和反思,使这一思想得到了进一步的深化。论文的内容结构依据上述哈桑提出“不确定-内在性”的思路进行组织,分为绪论、结语与正文,正文包括三章:第一章阐述“沉默的文学”。分析“沉默”的隐喻及起源,介绍文学中“沉默”的多种形式,从三个方面探究文学走向沉默的原因。第二章解读“不确定-内在性”思想。首先释读“不确定-内在性”、“不确定性”以及“内在性”的概念;其次分析“不确定-内在性”的内涵与特征,再次阐述不确定性与解构趋势、内在性与重建趋势的内在关联。第三章探讨具有“不确定-内在性”特征的后现代主义问题。解读与现代主义比较后哈桑对后现代主义的理解,分析后现代主义遭遇的磨难以及体现出涅槃重生的韧性,总结了其思想对当代的启示。哈桑的“不确定-内在性”思想中为我们认识和把握后现代主义的本质提供了重要的理论参考,彰显着一股强大的精神力量,一种历经破碎而能重建的韧劲,它支撑文学走过漫长的黑暗而迎来光明。苦难无可避免,研究并学习这种力量与韧劲,也可以使得当今时代的人们更有勇气和信心面对生活的苦难。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ihab Hassan is one of the first scholars to describe and theorize postmodernism.He is known as the "father of postmodernism".Hassan made postmodernism "have a more recognizable identity",created " indetermanence",summarized the fundamental characteristics of postmodernism,and explained the connotation of postmodernism deconstruction and reconstruction.The elucidation of his thought of " indetermanence " focuses on the Postmodern Turn: a collection of essays on postmodern theory and culture(this collection contains a total of ten papers published by Hassan in the 20 years from 1967 to 1987,which mainly reflects Hassan’s thinking on postmodernism).With the continuous emergence of postmodern theorists,people ignore the ideological value of Hassan’s " indetermanence" and his contribution to Postmodern research.Through literature analysis and close reading of the text,this paper will partially present the value of Hassan’s postmodern theory by expounding the thought of "indetermanence ".Hassan’s thought of " indetermanence " has experienced a process of thinking.Hassan first investigated the rebellious tradition of avant-garde literature,put forward "silent literature",and revealed the voice of rebellion and hope-"angry cry" and "apocalyptic tone" under the appearance of "Silence".Then,on this basis,Hassan summarizes that the fundamental feature of postmodernism is "indeterminacy",which includes "indeterminacy" and "immanence",which are the two core and constitutive tendencies of postmodernism."Uncertainty" embodies the power of disintegration and rebellion in postmodern culture,"internality" is a creative power hidden under this crazy deconstruction power,and it is the inherent and internal power of mankind.The thought of " indetermanence " reflects the parallel trend of "Deconstruction" and "Reconstruction" in postmodern culture,and highlights the resilience of postmodern culture after fragmentation and reconstruction.Finally,Hassan summarized and reflected on postmodernism under this feature,which further deepened this thought.The content structure of the paper is organized according to the idea of "indetermanence" put forward by Hassan,which is divided into introduction,conclusion and body.The body includes three chapters:The first chapter expounds "silent literature".This paper analyzes the metaphor and origin of "Silence",introduces various forms of "Silence" in literature,and probes into the reasons why literature moves towards silence from three aspects.The second chapter interprets the thought of "indetermanence".First,explain the concepts of "indetermanence","uncertainty" and "internality";Secondly,it analyzes the connotation and characteristics of "indetermanence",and expounds the internal relationship between uncertainty and deconstruction trend,internality and reconstruction trend.The third chapter discusses the problem of postmodernism with the characteristics of "indetermanence".This paper interprets and compares post Hassan’s understanding of post-modernism with modernism,analyzes the suffering of post-modernism and reflects the resilience of Nirvana rebirth,and summarizes the Enlightenment of his thought to contemporary times.Hassan’s thought of "indetermanence" provides an important theoretical reference for us to understand and grasp the essence of postmodernism,highlighting a powerful spiritual force,a tenacity that can be rebuilt after breaking,which supports literature to go through a long darkness and usher in light.Suffering is inevitable.Studying and learning this strength and tenacity can also make people in today’s era have more courage and confidence to face the suffering of life.更多还原